A new approach to prostate cancer screening.

Prostate cancer screening based on prostate-specific antigen (PSA) testing has been a matter of controversy. Although screening for prostate cancer was effective in reducing mortality, it resulted in overdiagnosis, which translated into unnecessary treatments and numerous adverse effects. As a result, recommendations from scientific societies became increasingly restrictive.

Detection of hepatitis E virus RNA in saliva for diagnosis of acute infection.

Diagnosis of acute hepatitis E virus (HEV) infection is established by detection of anti-HEV IgM antibodies by ELISA or by amplification of serum viral RNA. Here, we evaluate the diagnostic value of testing HEV RNA in saliva to identify patients with acute HEV infection. Prospective proof-of-concept study including patients with acute hepatitis.

Brief Report: Differential Timing of Cholesterol Increase During Successful HCV Therapy: Impact of Type of Drug Combination.

Objective: To evaluate factors associated with increased serum cholesterol levels during interferon-free hepatitis C virus (HCV) therapy.

Design: Prospective longitudinal study.

Methods: HIV-infected patients who started and successfully completed interferon-free therapy for chronic HCV infection were included.

Rural habitat as risk factor for hepatitis E virus seroconversion in HIV-infected patients: A prospective longitudinal study.

Our objective was to determine the incidence and clinical manifestations of acute hepatitis E virus (HEV) in HIV-infected patients. A prospective longitudinal study including HIV-infected HEV-seronegative patients was conducted; HEV seroconversion (to IgG and/or IgM) was the main outcome variable. All patients were tested for HEV antibodies every 3-6 months.

Hepatitis E Virus (HEV) Infection in Anti-HEV Immunoglobulin G-Carrying Patients After Successful Hepatitis C Virus Treatment: Reactivation or Reinfection?

Although hepatitis E virus (HEV) is regarded as a self-limiting infection and anti-HEV antibodies seem to protect against reinfection, its pathogenesis is not well established. We describe 2 cases of acute symptomatic HEV infection after hepatitis C therapy in patients carrying anti-HEV immunoglobulin G antibodies, raising 2 major questions: reactivation or reinfection?

Familial Hepatitis E Outbreak Linked to Wild Boar Meat Consumption.

An HIV-infected patient was diagnosed with acute hepatitis E infection in our hospital. An epidemiological inquiry was performed to collect demographic, food and animal exposure variables in order to identify the potential route of transmission. The patient reported that his family traditionally hunted wild boar for food.

High hepatitis E virus seroprevalence with absence of chronic infection in HIV-infected patients.

Background & Aims: The seroprevalence of the hepatitis E virus (HEV) and its chronicity rate in the HIV-infected population has not been well established. As a result, the magnitude of this emerging disease in this population cannot be established.

Methods: Prospective study that included HIV-infected patients followed up between September 2012 and May 2013.

New insights into the role of the immune microenvironment in breast carcinoma.

Recently, immune edition has been recognized as a new hallmark of cancer. In this respect, some clinical trials in breast cancer have reported imppressive outcomes related to laboratory immune findings, especially in the neoadjuvant and metastatic setting. Infiltration by tumor infiltrating lymphocytes (TIL) and their subtypes, tumor-associated macrophages (TAM) and myeloid-derived suppressive cells (MDSC) seem bona fide prognostic and even predictive biomarkers, that will eventually be incorporated into diagnostic and therapeutic algorithms of breast cancer.

Correlation between the complex PSA/total PSA ratio and the free PSA/total PSA ratio, sensitivity and specificity of both markers for the diagnosis of prostate cancer.

Objective: To compare the behaviour of the PSAcomplex/PSAtotal percentage (PSAc%) against the PSA free/PSA total (PSAl%) and analyse both markers for their usefulness in diagnosing prostate cancer.

Material And Methods: We measured total PSA (PSAt), free PSA (PSAl), complex PSA (PSAc), PSAl% and PSAc% levels in 158 patients. Of these, 98 (62%) were biopsied for presenting PSAt≥3 ng/dl and PSAl%<20, PSAt>10, suspicious rectal examination or suspicious ultrasound node.

Natural killer KIR3DS1 is closely associated with HCV viral clearance and sustained virological response in HIV/HCV patients.

Aim: To evaluate the influence of the presence of the killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptor (KIR) 3DS1 on HCV treatment response in HIV/HCV genotype 1 co-infected patients.

Methods: HIV/HCV co-infected patients were included. KIR3DS1, their specific HLA-B ligands and IL28B gene were genotyped.

Genetic diagnosis of X-linked dominant Hypophosphatemic Rickets in a cohort study: tubular reabsorption of phosphate and 1,25(OH)2D serum levels are associated with PHEX mutation type.

Background: Genetic Hypophosphatemic Rickets (HR) is a group of diseases characterized by renal phosphate wasting with inappropriately low or normal 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (1,25(OH)2D) serum levels. The most common form of HR is X-linked dominant HR (XLHR) which is caused by inactivating mutations in the PHEX gene. The purpose of this study was to perform genetic diagnosis in a cohort of patients with clinical diagnosis of HR, to perform genotype-phenotype correlations of those patients and to compare our data with other HR cohort studies.