Molecular Identification and Antifungal Susceptibility of Fusarium spp. Clinical Isolates.

Background: Accurate identification of Fusarium species requires molecular identification. Treating fusariosis is challenging due to widespread antifungal resistance, high rates of treatment failure, and insufficient information relating antifungal susceptibility to the clinical outcome. Despite recent outbreaks in Mexico, there is limited information on epidemiology and antifungal susceptibility testing (AST).

Rapid Detection of Carbapenemases Using NG-Test CARBA 5 in Positive Blood Cultures: A Diagnostic Test Study.

Background: Infections due to carbapenem-resistant Gram-negative bacteria are emerging as an important challenge in health-care settings and a growing concern worldwide. Lateral flow immunoassay NG-Test CARBA 5 can detect the five most reported carbapenemases (KPC, OXA-48-like, VIM, IMP, and NDM). Direct testing of positive blood cultures could reduce time to detection.

Evaluation of Primers OPF-01, P54, and 1253 to Identify , , and from Polymorphic Patterns Obtained by RAPD-PCR.

We evaluated the specificity of the primers OPF-01, P54, and 1253 to identify , , and , respectively, with the RAPD-PCR method. Eighty-two isolates belonging to the sections , , and were used. The isolates were identified by phenotypic (macro- and micromorphology) and genotypic (partial sequences of the gene) methods.

Predictors of Mortality in Patients with Infections Due to Carbapenem-Resistant Gram-Negative Bacteria.

Introduction: Infections caused by carbapenem-resistant Gram-negative bacteria (CR-GNB) are a significant cause of mortality and represent a serious challenge to health systems. The early identification of mortality predictors could guide appropriate treatment and follow-up. We aimed to identify the factors associated with 90-day all-cause mortality in patients with CR-GNB infections.

Multiple Brain Abscesses Caused by Nocardia Beijingensis in a Patient With HIV Infection.

The etiologic agents of central nervous system infections in HIV-infected patients comprise a broad range of opportunistic pathogens. We presented a 49-year-old male patient with HIV infection and low adherence to antiretroviral therapy. He presented with multiple cerebral abscesses, and his microbiological diagnosis approach resulted in the isolation of a species rarely reported in America.

Tracheal Aspirate Galactomannan Testing in COVID-19-Associated Pulmonary Aspergillosis.

Among critically ill patients, COVID-19-associated pulmonary aspergillosis (CAPA) is a challenging complication. The recommended diagnostic methods for this disease are bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) culture and galactomannan (GM) testing, which were not widely available during the pandemic. There is scarce information regarding GM testing in other respiratory specimens.

Outbreak of NDM-1-Producing Escherichia coli in a Coronavirus Disease 2019 Intensive Care Unit in a Mexican Tertiary Care Center.

Emergency department areas were repurposed as intensive care units (ICUs) for patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome during the initial months of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. We describe an outbreak of New Delhi metallo-β-lactamase 1 (NDM-1)-producing Escherichia coli infections in critically ill COVID-19 patients admitted to one of the repurposed units. Seven patients developed infections (6 ventilator-associated pneumonia [VAP] and 1 urinary tract infection [UTI]) due to carbapenem-resistant E.

Isolation of and corymbifera from tracheal aspirates of two immunocompetent critically ill patients with COVID-19.

We describe two fatal cases of COVID-19 in which and were cultured from endotracheal aspirate samples. Both patients had no underlying comorbidities other than obesity. Despite antifungal therapy, both cases developed septic shock and progressive refractory hypoxemia without evidence of other underlying infections.

Inhibitors of DNA topoisomerases I and II applied to Candida dubliniensis reduce growth, viability, the generation of petite mutants and toxicity, while acting synergistically with fluconazole.

The increasing resistance of Candida species to azoles emphasizes the urgent need for new antifungal agents with novel mechanisms of action. The aim of this study was to examine the effect of three DNA topoisomerase inhibitors of plant origin (camptothecin, etoposide and curcumin) on the growth of Candida dubliniensis. The phylogenetic analysis showed a close relationship between the topoisomerase enzymes of C.

Thoracic actinomycetoma: a retrospective clinical-epidemiological study of 64 cases.

Background: Actinomycetoma is a chronic granulomatous infection that follows traumatic implantation. Thoracic actinomycetoma (TA) is rare and may lead to severe complications.

Methods: A retrospective study of cases of TA diagnosed from 1985 to 2019 was carried out.

Antimicrobial Resistance Patterns and Antibiotic Use during Hospital Conversion in the COVID-19 Pandemic.

Objective: To describe empirical antimicrobial prescription on admission in patients with severe COVID-19, the prevalence of Hospital-Acquired Infections, and the susceptibility patterns of the causing organisms.

Methods: In this prospective cohort study in a tertiary care center in Mexico City, we included consecutive patients admitted with severe COVID-19 between March 20th and June 10th and evaluated empirical antimicrobial prescription and the occurrence of HAI.

Results: 794 patients with severe COVID-19 were admitted during the study period.

Accuracy of galactomannan testing on tracheal aspirates in COVID-19-associated pulmonary aspergillosis.

Objective: Our aim was to evaluate the performance of two galactomannan (GM) assays (Platelia Aspergillus EIA, Bio-Rad , and Aspergillus GM LFA, IMMY ) in tracheal aspirate (TA) samples of consecutive critically ill patients with COVID-19.

Methods: We included critically ill patients, performed GM-EIA and GM-Lateral Flow Assay (GM-LFA) in TA and followed them until development of COVID-19-associated pulmonary aspergillosis (CAPA) or alternate diagnosis. CAPA was defined according to the modified AspICU criteria in patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection.

Azole resistance and cyp51A mutation screening in Aspergillus fumigatus in Mexico.

Background: Fungicide exposure in the environment has driven the emergence of azole-resistant Aspergillus fumigatus worldwide. A screening test allows identification of resistant isolates.

Objectives: We screened clinical samples for azole-resistant Aspergillus through azole-containing agar plates and identified mutations in the cyp51A gene of A.

Mycobacterium obuense Bacteremia in a Patient with Pneumonia.

Mycobacterium obuense is a pigmented, rapidly growing mycobacterium. Because it has been considered nonpathogenic, M. obuense is being investigated in clinical trials of cancer immunotherapy and bioremediation.

Antimicrobial susceptibility of gram-negative bacilli isolated from intra-abdominal and urinary-tract infections in Mexico from 2009 to 2015: Results from the Study for Monitoring Antimicrobial Resistance Trends (SMART).

Antimicrobial resistance is an increasing worldwide concern, which poses unique challenges for the effective prevention and treatment of several infections, especially the ones triggered by organisms producing extended-spectrum β-lactamases (ESBL). Here, we present the surveillance results of the Study for Monitoring Antimicrobial Resistance Trends (SMART) of Gram-negative bacilli isolated from intra-abdominal infections (IAI, n = 1,235) and urinary-tract infections (UTI, n = 2,682), collected in Mexico from 2009 to 2015. Susceptibility and ESBL status were determined according to the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) broth microdilution method.

Identification and susceptibility testing of Candida spp. directly from yeast-positive blood cultures with Vitek 2.

Culture-based identification and antifungal susceptibility take 48-72hours after positivity. We analyzed the performance of Vitek2 directly from 40 yeast-positive blood-cultures; agreement of 100% was observed for the tested antifungals; identification showed the same species in 31/40. The method reduces time (13 to 18h) for preliminary results.

First case of pulmonary infection in Mexico.

We report a case of pulmonary infection in a 43-year-old immunocompromised woman. The patient was treated with imipenem/cilastatin and trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole and had a favourable outcome. It is important that laboratories perform species identification to understand the epidemiology and susceptibility patterns of the different spp.

Human tuberculosis caused by Mycobacterium bovis: a retrospective comparison with Mycobacterium tuberculosis in a Mexican tertiary care centre, 2000-2015.

Background: Human tuberculosis caused by Mycobacterium bovis is believed to be frequent in developing countries. Transmission is usually through ingestion of unpasteurized dairy products, although airborne contagion is possible. Disease caused by M.

Associated factors and outcomes for OXA-232 Carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae infections in a tertiary care centre in Mexico City: A case-control-control study.

We describe the outcomes and factors associated with OXA-232 producing carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae infections. A case-control-control study was performed; each case of infection by a carbapenem-resistant/OXA-232 (OXA-232-cases, n=27) was matched by isolation site, species, and date, with 2 cases of infection by carbapenem-susceptible/third-generation cephalosporin-susceptible (TGCS-controls, n=54) and 2 cases by carbapenem-susceptible/ESBL producing Enterobacteriaceae (ESBL-controls, n=54); 66% were urinary tract and 18.5% intra-abdominal infections.

IS200 and multilocus sequence typing for the identification of Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi strains from Indonesia.

In this work, IS200 and multi-locus sequence typing (MLST) were used to analyze 19 strains previously serotyped as Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi and isolated in Indonesia (16 strains), Mexico (2 strains), and Switzerland (1 strain). Most of the strains showed the most common Typhi sequence types, ST1 and ST2, and a new Typhi genotype (ST1856) was described. However, one isolate from Mexico and another from Indonesia were of the ST365 and ST426 sequence types, indicating that they belonged to serovars Weltevreden and Aberdeen, respectively.

Factors Associated to Prevalence and Incidence of Carbapenem-Resistant Enterobacteriaceae Fecal Carriage: A Cohort Study in a Mexican Tertiary Care Hospital.

Background: Carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae (CRE) infections have emerged as a serious threat to health worldwide. They are associated with increased morbidity and mortality and are capable of silently colonizing the gastrointestinal tract. Because of this, there is great interest to characterize the epidemiology of CRE carriage and acquisition in healthcare facilities.