A new type of immunosensor has been developed using biocomposite materials made from graphite powder, rabbit IgG, and resins, which serve both as a reservoir for biological molecules and a transducer.
To evaluate its analytical capabilities, a competitive binding assay was created to measure the presence of rabbit IgG in a sample, utilizing goat anti-rabbit IgG labeled with an enzyme for detection.
The immunosensor's surface can be easily regenerated through polishing, allowing for repeated use in subsequent assays.
The study validates an automatic urea analyser that monitors crucial hemodialysis parameters like dialysis delivery (KT/V) and protein catabolism (PCRn).
The analyser connects directly to the dialysis machine and processes urea concentration data in almost real time, using a specific mathematical model for calculation.
Results from the new analyser closely matched traditional lab methods across 24 patient data sets, showing no significant differences in the KT/V and PCRn values.
A specialized analytical system for real-time urea monitoring during haemodialysis is described, utilizing the dialyser's inflow as a continuous carrier solution.
The system incorporates a bioreactor with immobilized urease and a gas-diffusion module, converting urea to ammonia gas for measurement by an ion-sensitive electrode.
Validation of the on-line analyser was established through correlation with conventional spectrophotometric methods for measuring urea clearances, confirming its effectiveness in optimizing haemodialysis sessions.
The study focuses on developing disposable probes for measuring urea by covalently binding urease to ammonium-selective membranes.
Two types of membranes were tested: type 1 used thin layers of cellulose acetate coated on PVC membranes, while type 2 used a blend of PVC and cellulose acetate.
Type 1 membranes showed better performance, with a detection range for urea from 2 x 10(-5) to 0.01 M and a sensitivity of 50 mV/decade, compared to type 2 which was negatively affected by sodium periodate treatment.