Behavioral Problems and Family Impact in Congenital Cytomegalovirus Infection.

We examined behavior (Child Behavior Checklist) and family functioning (Family Impact Questionnaire) in 65 children with congenital cytomegalovirus. Behavioral problems were present in 30.8%.

Hypoxic-ischaemic encephalopathy code: A systematic review for resource-limited settings.

It is estimated that 96% of infants with hypoxic-ischaemic encephalopathy (HIE) are born in resource-limited settings with no capacity to provide the standard of care that has been established for nearly 15 years in high-resource countries, which includes therapeutic hypothermia (TH), continuous electroencephalographic monitoring and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in addition to close vital signs and haemodynamic monitoring. This situation does not seem to be changing; however, even with these limitations, currently available knowledge can help improve the care of HIE patients in resource-limited settings. The purpose of this systematic review was to provide, under the term "HIE Code", evidence-based recommendations for feasible care practices to optimise the care of infants with HIE and potentially help reduce the risks associated with comorbidity and improve neurodevelopmental outcomes.

Motor, cognitive and behavioural outcomes after neonatal hypoxic-ischaemic encephalopathy.

Introduction: The current neurodevelopmental status of patients with neonatal hypoxic-ischaemic encephalopathy (HIE) in Spain is unknown. Recent European studies highlight a shift of severe pathology towards mild motor disorders and emotional problems. The aim of this study was to analyse neurodevelopmental outcomes in a cohort of neonates with HIE at age 3 years.

Neuroimaging in infants with congenital cytomegalovirus infection and its correlation with outcome: emphasis on white matter abnormalities.

Objective: To evaluate the association between neuroimaging and outcome in infants with congenital cytomegalovirus (cCMV), focusing on qualitative MRI and quantitative diffusion-weighted imaging of white matter abnormalities (WMAs).

Methods: Multicentre retrospective cohort study of 160 infants with cCMV (103 symptomatic). A four-grade neuroimaging scoring system was applied to cranial ultrasonography and MRI acquired at ≤3 months.

Prediction of outcome from MRI and general movements assessment after hypoxic-ischaemic encephalopathy in low-income and middle-income countries: data from a randomised controlled trial.

Objective: To evaluate the accuracy of neonatal MRI and general movements assessment (GMA) in predicting neurodevelopmental outcomes in infants with hypoxic-ischaemic encephalopathy (HIE).

Design: Secondary analyses of a randomised controlled trial (RCT).

Setting: Tertiary neonatal intensive care unit in India.

Usefulness of video recordings for validating neonatal encephalopathy exams: a population-based cohort study.

Objective: To determine the usefulness of video recordings for validating neonatal encephalopathy (NE) exams.

Design: Population-based prospective cohort study. NE was assessed and recorded at 1, 3 and 5 hours after birth by the attending physician.

Preterm white matter injury: ultrasound diagnosis and classification.

White matter injury (WMI) is the most frequent form of preterm brain injury. Cranial ultrasound (CUS) remains the preferred modality for initial and sequential neuroimaging in preterm infants, and is reliable for the diagnosis of cystic periventricular leukomalacia. Although magnetic resonance imaging is superior to CUS in detecting the diffuse and more subtle forms of WMI that prevail in very premature infants surviving nowadays, recent improvement in the quality of neonatal CUS imaging has broadened the spectrum of preterm white matter abnormalities that can be detected with this technique.

Therapeutic hypothermia for neonatal hypoxic-ischaemic encephalopathy in India (THIN study): a randomised controlled trial.

Objective: To evaluate the neuroprotective effect of therapeutic hypothermia (TH) induced by phase changing material (PCM) on MRI biomarkers in infants with hypoxic-ischaemic encephalopathy (HIE) in a low-resource setting.

Design: Open-label randomised controlled trial.

Setting: One neonatal intensive care unit in a tertiary care centre in India.

Randomised controlled pilot feasibility trial of an early intervention programme for young infants with neurodevelopmental impairment in Uganda: a study protocol.

Introduction: Early intervention programmes (EIPs) for infants with neurodevelopmental impairment have been poorly studied especially in low-income settings. We aim to evaluate the feasibility and acceptability of a group participatory EIP, the 'ABAaNA EIP', for young children with neurodevelopmental impairment in Uganda.

Methods And Analysis: We will conduct a pilot feasibility, single-blinded, randomised controlled trial comparing the EIP with standard care across two study sites (one urban, one rural) in central Uganda.

Perinatal arterial ischemic stroke.

Perinatal arterial ischemic stroke is a relatively common and serious neurologic disorder that can affect the fetus, the preterm, and the term-born infant. It carries significant long-term disabilities. Herein we describe the current understanding of its etiology, pathophysiology and classification, different presentations, and optimal early management.

Neurodevelopmental Outcomes in Preterm Infants with White Matter Injury Using a New MRI Classification.

Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate whether a new MRI scoring system for preterm non-haemorrhagic white matter injury (WMI), derived from the analysis of the natural evolution of WMI throughout the neonatal period until term-equivalent age, can be used for outcome prediction.

Methods: Eighty-two infants <36 weeks gestation with WMI diagnosed from sequential cranial ultrasound and confirmed on neonatal MRI were retrospectively included. WMI was classified in four grades of severity.

Early Childhood Outcomes After Neonatal Encephalopathy in Uganda: A Cohort Study.

Background: Neonatal encephalopathy (NE) is a leading cause of global child mortality. Survivor outcomes in low-resource settings are poorly described. We present early childhood outcomes after NE in Uganda.

Neurodevelopment After Perinatal Arterial Ischemic Stroke.

Background And Objectives: Perinatal arterial ischemic stroke (PAIS) leads to cerebral palsy in ∼30% of affected children and has other neurologic sequelae. Authors of most outcome studies focus on middle cerebral artery (MCA) stroke without differentiating between site and extent of affected tissue. Our aim with this study was to report outcomes after different PAIS subtypes.

Neurodevelopmental Correlates of Fetal Motor Behavior Assessed Using Cine MR Imaging.

Background And Purpose: Fetal motor behavior is widely used as a clinical indicator for healthy development; however, our understanding of its potential as a marker for neurologic integrity is underdeveloped. MR imaging allows complete views of the whole fetus, which, combined with brain imaging, may improve the characterization of this relationship. This study aimed to combine an analysis of fetal motor behavior, brain MR imaging, and postnatal outcome, to provide insight into neurodevelopmental correlates of motor behavior.

The impact of intrauterine and extrauterine weight gain in premature infants on later body composition.

BackgroundThe impact of intrauterine and extrauterine growth on later insulin resistance and fat mass (FM) in very low birth weight (VLBW) infants is not well established. The aim of our study was to evaluate the effects of intrauterine and early/late extrauterine growth on later insulin resistance and body composition in VLBW infants from 6 months' corrected age (CA) to 36 months.MethodsProspective measurements of body composition by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry and insulin resistance by homeostasis model assessment insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) along with other fasting plasma biochemistries were made in 95 VLBW infants at 6, 12, 18, and 24 months' CA and 36 months' postnatal age.

MRI Patterns of brain injury and neurodevelopmental outcomes in neonates with severe anaemia at birth.

Aims: To define patterns of brain injury and associated neurodevelopmental outcomes in infants with severe neonatal anaemia.

Methods: We studied 20 infants with severe anaemia at birth (haemoglobin<7g/dL). Clinical details were analysed for causes of anaemia and co-morbidities.