Pragmatic Carbohydrate Quality Metrics in Relation to Glycemic Index, Glycemic Load, and Front-of-Pack Warning Labels in Grain Foods.

The challenges in the characterization of the nutritional quality of grain foods comprise obstacles to public health actions toward promotion of healthier grain-based foods. The present study investigated how carbohydrate metrics related to glycemic index (GI), glycemic load (GL), and warning labels of grain foods consumed by individuals living in São Paulo, Brazil. Information on intake of grain foods at individual level was obtained using 24 h recalls within a cross-sectional population-based survey conducted in 2015.

Robust Deep Neural Network for Learning in Noisy Multi-Label Food Images.

Deep networks can facilitate the monitoring of a balanced diet to help prevent various health problems related to eating disorders. Large, diverse, and clean data are essential for learning these types of algorithms. Although data can be collected automatically, the data cleaning process is time-consuming.

Medial Temporal Lobe Tau Aggregation Relates to Divergent Cognitive and Emotional Empathy Abilities in Alzheimer's Disease.

Background: In Alzheimer's disease (AD), the gradual accumulation of amyloid-β (Aβ) and tau proteins may underlie alterations in empathy.

Objective: To assess whether tau aggregation in the medial temporal lobes related to differences in cognitive empathy (the ability to take others' perspectives) and emotional empathy (the ability to experience others' feelings) in AD.

Methods: Older adults (n = 105) completed molecular Aβ positron emission tomography (PET) scans.

Lower adherence to a prudent dietary pattern is associated with earlier age at menarche in adolescents from the Growth and Obesity Chilean Cohort Study.

Introduction: Early menarche is associated with obesity, and metabolic and mental health risks, among other diseases. Thus, it is relevant to identify modifiable risk factors of early menarche. Some nutrients and foods have been linked to pubertal timing, but how menarche relates to overall dietary patterns is unclear.

Misreporting of Energy Intake Is Related to Specific Food Items in Low-Middle Income Chilean Adolescents.

Background: Misreporting of energy intake (EI) in self-reported dietary assessment is inevitable, and even less is known about which food items are misreported by low-middle income adolescents. We evaluated the prevalence of misreporting of energy intake and its relationship with nutrients and food intake.

Methods: We analyzed 24 h dietary recalls collected from 576 adolescents (52.

Misreporting of dietary energy intake obtained by 24 h recalls in older adults: a comparison of five previous methods using doubly labeled water.

Background/objective: To test five different methods to detect misreporting in comparison to doubly labeled water in a sample of older adults.

Subjects/methods: A cross-sectional study with thirty-eight Brazilian community-dwelling older adults aged 60-84 years, who had their total energy expenditure measured by doubly labeled water (TEE). Dietary data were collected by two 24 h recalls.

Opportunities for diet quality improvement: the potential role of staple grain foods.

Objective: Given the high disease burden associated with the low intake of whole grains, modelling studies that estimate the impact of dietary strategies to increase more healthful grain foods consumption are essential to inform evidence-based and culturally specific policies. The current study investigated the potential nutritional impact of replacing staple grain foods with more healthful options.

Design: Based on the 2015 Health Survey of São Paulo, a cross-sectional, population-based study, we modelled the substitution of white rice and white bread with brown rice and whole-wheat bread.

Dietary Patterns of Adolescents from the Chilean Growth and Obesity Cohort Study Indicate Poor Dietary Quality.

Diet during adolescence can have lasting effects on nutritional status, health, and development. We hypothesized that dietary patterns with low-quality nutrition are associated with overweightness. We collected data for 882 Chilean adolescents from the Growth and Obesity Cohort Study (mean age: 12 years).

Acute management of a stroke-like episode in MELAS syndrome: What should we know?

•Acute management of SLEs differs from usual therapy in classic stroke patients.•IV L-Arginine should be administered urgently in the setting of a SLE.•If mental status is altered, an EEG should be performed to rule out a non-convulsive status.

Low dose of extracellular vesicles identified that promote recovery after ischemic stroke.

Background: Mesenchymal stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles (EVs) are one of the most promising therapeutics in protective and/or regenerative therapy in animal models of stroke using a dose of 100 μg. However, whether EVs dose is related to outcomes is not known. This study aimed to identify the optimal effective dose of EVs from adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells that promote functional recovery in subcortical stroke.

Mesenchymal Stem Cells From Adipose Tissue Do not Improve Functional Recovery After Ischemic Stroke in Hypertensive Rats.

Background and Purpose- Hypertension is the most frequent comorbidity in stroke.The purpose of this study was to evaluate whether hypertension alters the response to treatment with adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells (ADMSCs) after an ischemic stroke in rats. Methods- Ischemic stroke was induced in male normotensive or hypertensive rats.

Intravenous delivery of adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells improves brain repair in hyperglycemic stroke rats.

Background: Over 50% of acute stroke patients have hyperglycemia, which is associated with a poorer prognosis and outcome. Our aim was to investigate the impact of hyperglycemia on behavioral recovery and brain repair of delivered human adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells (hAD-MSCs) in a rat model of permanent middle cerebral artery occlusion (pMCAO).

Methods: Hyperglycemia was induced in rats by the administration of nicotinamide and streptozotocin.

The goblet sign in the amnestic syndrome of the subcallosal artery infarct.

We here describe an acute-onset amnesic syndrome with evidence of an embolic infarction in the distribution of the subcallosal artery, a proximal branch of the anterior communicating artery. The infarction involved the corpus callosum genu and both fornices, giving a peculiar image on MRI that resembled a goblet. Although infrequent, the subcallosal artery infarction should be considered in the differential diagnosis of patients with an acute amnestic syndrome.

[Reversible alterations in the dentate nuclei and rapid-onset cerebral atrophy due to neurotoxicity caused by lithium].

Introduction: Treatment with lithium can cause several neurological side effects, even at therapeutic levels.

Case Report: We report the case of a 49-year-old woman, with bipolar disorder and depression, undergoing treatment with lithium, antidepressants and antipsychotics, who was admitted to hospital due to a clinical picture of visual hallucinations with an elevated lithaemia of 2.1 mEq/L (therapeutic range: 0.

NogoA Neutralization Promotes Axonal Restoration After White Matter Injury In Subcortical Stroke.

Blocking axonal growth inhibitor NogoA has been of great interest for promoting axonal recovery from neurological diseases. The present study investigates the therapeutic effects of blocking NogoA, inducing functional recovery and promoting white matter repair in an experimental animal model of stroke. Adult male rats were subjected to white matter injury by subcortical ischemic stroke.

Influenza-associated seizures in healthy adults: Report of 3 cases.

To describe seizures occurring in 3 healthy adults with influenza infection. Seizures associated to influenza infection are rare in adults without encephalitis. Clinical observations of 3 healthy adult patients with influenza A and B infection and seizures.

Metabolic Syndrome and Mammographic Density in Premenopausal Chilean Women.

Background: Metabolic syndrome (MetS) has been previously associated with an increased risk of breast cancer in postmenopausal women. Mammographic density (MD) is a marker of breast cancer risk. There is little evidence of an association between MetS and MD in premenopausal women.

Human somatic cells subjected to genetic induction with six germ line-related factors display meiotic germ cell-like features.

The in vitro derivation of human germ cells has attracted interest in the last years, but their direct conversion from human somatic cells has not yet been reported. Here we tested the ability of human male somatic cells to directly convert into a meiotic germ cell-like phenotype by inducing them with a combination of selected key germ cell developmental factors. We started with a pool of 12 candidates that were reduced to 6, demonstrating that ectopic expression of the germ line-related genes PRDM1, PRDM14, LIN28A, DAZL, VASA and SYCP3 induced direct conversion of somatic cells (hFSK (46, XY), and hMSC (46, XY)) into a germ cell-like phenotype in vitro.

Biomonitoring of agricultural workers exposed to pesticide mixtures in Guerrero state, Mexico, with comet assay and micronucleus test.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the genotoxic effect of pesticides in exfoliated buccal cells of workers occupationally exposed in Guerrero, Mexico, using the comet assay and the micronucleus test. The study compared 111 agricultural workers in three rural communities (Arcelia 62, Ajuchitlan 13, and Tlapehuala 36), with 60 non-exposed individuals. All the participants were males.

Targeted screening for the detection of Pompe disease in patients with unclassified limb-girdle muscular dystrophy or asymptomatic hyperCKemia using dried blood: A Spanish cohort.

We aimed to screen for Pompe disease in patients with unclassified limb-girdle muscular dystrophy (LGMD) or asymptomatic hyperCKemia using dried blood spot (DBS) assays. Subsequently, we aimed to calculate the diagnostic delay between initial symptom presentation and the diagnosis. A prospective, multicenter, observational study was conducted in 348 patients: 146 with unclassified LGMD and 202 with asymptomatic or paucisymptomatic hyperCKemia.

Understanding Mammalian Germ Line Development with In Vitro Models.

Germ line development is crucial in organisms with sexual reproduction to complete their life cycle. In mammals, knowledge about germ line development is based mainly on the mouse model, in which genetic and epigenetic events are well described. However, little is known about how germ line development is orchestrated in humans, especially in the earliest stages.

Novel mutations expand the clinical spectrum of DYNC1H1-associated spinal muscular atrophy.

Objective: To expand the clinical phenotype of autosomal dominant congenital spinal muscular atrophy with lower extremity predominance (SMA-LED) due to mutations in the dynein, cytoplasmic 1, heavy chain 1 (DYNC1H1) gene.

Methods: Patients with a phenotype suggestive of a motor, non-length-dependent neuronopathy predominantly affecting the lower limbs were identified at participating neuromuscular centers and referred for targeted sequencing of DYNC1H1.

Results: We report a cohort of 30 cases of SMA-LED from 16 families, carrying mutations in the tail and motor domains of DYNC1H1, including 10 novel mutations.