Goal management training and psychoeducation / mindfulness for treatment of executive dysfunction in Parkinson's disease: A feasibility pilot trial.

Introduction: As there is currently no pharmacological treatment for Parkinson's Disease Mild Cognitive Impairment (PD-MCI) with executive dysfunctions, specific cognitive interventions must be investigated. Most previous studies have tested bottom-up cognitive training programs but have not shown very good results.

Objectives: The aim of this study was to test ease of implementation, differential safety and preliminary efficacy of two top-down (strategy-learning) home-based, individualized, cognitive interventions: Goal Management Training (GMT), adapted for PD-MCI (Adapted-GMT), and a psychoeducation program combined with mindfulness exercises (PSYCH-Mind).

Methodological considerations when establishing reliable and valid normative data: Canadian Longitudinal Study on Aging (CLSA) neuropsychological battery.

Creation of normative data with regression corrections for demographic covariates reduces risk of small cell sizes compared with traditional normative approaches. We explored whether methods of correcting for demographic covariates (e.g.

Altered Theory of Mind in Parkinson's Disease and Impact on Caregivers: A Pilot Study.

Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) in Parkinson's disease (PD) includes deficits in theory of mind (ToM). However, associations between ToM and caregiver burden and distress are still unclear. The objective of this pilot study was to preliminarily explore the relation between ToM and caregiver burden and distress in a sample of PD-MCI patients.

Normative comparison standards for measures of cognition in the Canadian Longitudinal Study on Aging (CLSA): Does applying sample weights make a difference?

Large-scale studies present the opportunity to create normative comparison standards relevant to populations. Sampling weights applied to the sample data facilitate extrapolation to the population of origin, but normative scores are often developed without the use of these sampling weights because the values derived from large samples are presumed to be precise estimates of the population parameter. The present article examines whether applying sample weights in the context of deriving normative comparison standards for measures of cognition would affect the distributions of regression-based normative data when using data from a large population-based study.

Goal management training ® home-based approach for mild cognitive impairment in Parkinson's disease: a multiple baseline case report.

Approximately 30% of patients with Parkinson's disease experience mild cognitive impairment (PD-MCI), often affecting executive functions. Our objective was to assess tolerability, safety and preliminarily efficacy of Goal Management Training® (GMT) for PD-MCI. GMT was administered at home, for five weeks.

The Canadian longitudinal study on aging as a platform for exploring cognition in an aging population.

We present descriptive information on the cognitive measures used in the Canadian Longitudinal Study on Aging (CLSA) Comprehensive Cohort, relate this to information on these measures in the extant literature, and identify key considerations for their use in research and clinical practice. The CLSA Comprehensive Cohort is composed of 30,097 participants aged 45-85years at baseline who provided a broad range of sociodemographic, physical, social, and psychological health information via questionnaire and took part in detailed physical and cognitive assessments. Cognitive measures included: the Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Test - immediate and 5-min delayed recall, Animal Fluency, Mental Alternation Test (MAT), Controlled Oral Word Association Test (COWAT), Stroop Test - Victoria Version, Miami Prospective Memory Test (MPMT), and a Choice Reaction Time (CRT) task.

The impact of cognitive interventions on cognitive symptoms in idiopathic Parkinson's disease: a systematic review.

This systematic review addressed efficacy of cognitive stimulation (CS), cognitive training (CT), and cognitive rehabilitation (CR) to improve cognitive functions in Parkinson's disease (PD) with (PD-MCI) and without mild cognitive impairment (PD-H). Five databases were searched. Twelve CT, four CS, and a combination of CT with CR were found.

Effects of Antiparkinson Medication on Cognition in Parkinson's Disease: A Systematic Review.

Objective: This study aimed to systematically review the effects of currently prescribed antiparkinson medication on cognition in patients with mild-to-moderate Parkinson's disease (PD) who were either cognitively intact or mildly impaired.

Methods: English- and French-language studies published between 1969 and 2017 were accessed via MedLine, PsychNET, EMBASE and EBSCO databases. Methodological quality (MQ) was evaluated with the quality assessment instrument of the Cochrane Collaboration Depression, Anxiety and Neurosis Review (scores from 0% to 44% indicate very low quality; scores from 45% to 64% indicate low quality; scores from 65% to 84% indicate medium quality; and scores from 85% to 100% indicate high quality).

Miami Prospective Memory Test in the Canadian Longitudinal Study on Aging.

Objective: The aim of this study was to verify the effect of age, education and sex on Miami Prospective Memory Test (MPMT) performance obtained at baseline of the Canadian Longitudinal Study on Aging (CLSA) by neurologically healthy French- and English-speaking subsamples of participants (N = 18,511).

Method: The CLSA is a nation-wide large epidemiological study with participants aged 45-85 years old at baseline. The MPMT is an event- and time-based measure of prospective memory, with scores of intention, accuracy and need for reminders, administered as part of the Comprehensive data collection.

A SEMantic and EPisodic Memory Test (SEMEP) Developed within the Embodied Cognition Framework: Application to Normal Aging, Alzheimer's Disease and Semantic Dementia.

Embodiment has highlighted the importance of sensory-motor components in cognition. Perception and memory are thus very tightly bound together, and episodic and semantic memories should rely on the same grounded memory traces. Reduced perception should then directly reduce the ability to encode and retrieve an episodic memory, as in normal aging.

An evidence-based approach to the creation of normative data: base rates of impaired scores within a brief neuropsychological battery argue for age corrections, but against corrections for medical conditions.

Objective: We detail a new approach to the creation of normative data for neuropsychological tests. The traditional approach to normative data creation is to make demographic adjustments based on observations of correlations between single neuropsychological tests and selected demographic variables. We argue, however, that this does not describe the implications for clinical practice, such as increased likelihood of misclassification of cognitive impairment, nor does it elucidate the impact on decision-making with a neuropsychological battery.

The influence of vascular risk factors on cognitive function in early Parkinson's disease.

Objectives: Hypertension, dyslipidemia, diabetes, and obesity are well-established risk factors for cognitive impairment and dementia in older adults. In contrast, previous studies that have assessed the impact of vascular risk factors (VRFs) on cognition in Parkinson's disease (PD) have had methodological limitations and reported conflicting findings. We address this question in a large well-characterized cohort of de novo PD patients.

Cognitive measures in the Canadian Longitudinal Study on Aging.

Objective: We describe the implementation of cognitive measures within the Canadian Longitudinal Study on Aging (CLSA), a nationwide, epidemiological study of aging, and relate CLSA Tracking cohort data (n over 20,000) to previous studies using these measures.

Method: CLSA participants (aged 45-85, n over 50,000) provided demographic, social, physical/clinical, psychological, economic, and health service utilization information relevant to health and aging through telephone interviews (Tracking cohort, n over 20,000) or in-person (i.e.

Normative data for phonemic and semantic verbal fluency test in the adult French-Quebec population and validation study in Alzheimer's disease and depression.

Objective: Verbal fluency tasks are principally used to assess lexical access and have shown usefulness for differential diagnosis. The purpose of Study 1 was to provide normative data in the adult French-Quebec population (Canada) for semantic verbal fluency (animals), for two sets of phonemic verbal fluency (TNP and PFL), and for letter P alone (60 seconds per category/letter). The objectives of Study 2 were to establish the diagnostic and predictive validity of the present tasks and normative data in Alzheimer's disease (AD) and major depressive episode (MDE).

Impact of Depressive Symptoms on Memory for Emotional Words in Mild Cognitive Impairment and Late-Life Depression.

Background: Amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI) and late-life depression (LLD) are associated with increased risk of Alzheimer's disease (AD). This is also true for aMCI with concomitant depressive symptoms (aMCI/D+), but few studies have investigated this syndrome.

Objectives: We aimed to clarify the association between cognitive and depressive symptoms in individuals at risk for AD by examining episodic memory for emotional stimuli in aMCI, aMCI/D+, and LLD.

Smoking history is associated to cognitive impairment in Parkinson's disease.

Introduction: Patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) are more likely to suffer from cognitive impairment and dementia than healthy older adults. The aim of this study was to investigate smoking history as a risk factor for cognitive decline in PD.

Method: One hundred thirty-nine PD patients aged 50 years and older (Hoehn and Yahr = 1-3) were recruited from a clinical database.

Impact of a cognitive rehabilitation intervention on neuropsychiatric symptoms in mild to moderate Alzheimer's disease.

The main goal of this study was to evaluate the impact of a cognitive rehabilitation programme on 12 behavioural and psychological symptoms of dementia (BPSD) in patients with mild to moderate Alzheimer's disease (AD). This six-month single-blind block-randomised cross-over controlled study was conducted with 15 mild to moderate AD participants and their caregivers. All participants received a four-week home-based cognitive rehabilitation programme to learn/re-learn an instrumental activity of daily living.

Normative data for the Rappel libre/Rappel indicé à 16 items (16-item Free and Cued Recall) in the elderly Quebec-French population.

Performance on verbal memory tests is generally associated with socio-demographic variables such as age, sex, and education level. Performance also varies between different cultural groups. The present study aimed to establish normative data for the Rappel libre/Rappel indicé à 16 items (16-item Free and Cued Recall; RL/RI-16), a French adaptation of the Free and Cued Selective Reminding Test (Buschke, 1984; Grober, Buschke, Crystal, Bang, & Dresner, 1988).

Normative data for the Dementia Rating Scale-2 in the French-Quebec population.

The Dementia Rating Scale-2 is used to measure cognitive status of adults with cognitive impairment, especially of the degenerative type, by assessing five cognitive functions, namely attention, initiation/perseveration, construction, conceptualization, and memory. The present study aimed to establish normative data for this test in the elderly French-Quebec population. A total of 432 French-speaking elders from the province of Quebec (Canada), aged 50 to 85 years, were administered the Dementia Rating Scale-2.

A randomized cross-over controlled study on cognitive rehabilitation of instrumental activities of daily living in Alzheimer disease.

Objective: The goal of the study was to investigate the effectiveness of a memory rehabilitation program to re-learn instrumental activities of daily living (IADLs) in patients with Alzheimer disease (AD).

Design: This was a 6-month block-randomized cross-over controlled study.

Setting: All evaluation and training sessions were performed at each patient's home.

The perceptual nature of audiovisual interactions for semantic knowledge in young and elderly adults.

Audiovisual interactions for familiar objects are at the core of perception. The nature of these interactions depends on the amodal--sensory abstracted--or modal--sensory-dependent--approach of knowledge. According to these approaches, the interactions should be respectively semantic and indirect or perceptual and direct.

The disconnection syndrome in the Alzheimer's disease: the cross-modal priming example.

Implicit memory is generally supposed to be preserved in Alzheimer's disease (AD). Yet, some implicit priming effects are impaired and others are not. The preserved/impaired priming effects are often interpreted according to the perceptual/conceptual or identification/production distinctions.

[Pathological gambling in patients with Parkinson disease].

Pathological gambling implies an inadequate, persistent and chronic practice of gambling which has major impact on affected individuals, their families and the society (APA, 2003). Many risk factors of social, psychological and biological nature contribute to the development of pathological gambling. New populations have been found to be at risk to develop pathological gambling : patients who suffer of Parkinson Disease's.

Clinical validity of the Mattis Dementia Rating Scale-2 in Parkinson disease with MCI and dementia.

The utility of the Mattis Dementia Rating Scale 2 (MDRS-2) in screening for dementia in Parkinson disease (PD) is well documented. However, little is known about its sensitivity to mild cognitive impairment in PD (PD-MCI). This study sought to document the validity of the MDRS-2 for diagnoses of PD-MCI and dementia in PD (PDD).

[Category-specific deficits in semantic dementia: links between perception and semantic knowledge].

The nature of knowledge and its relationship with the perceptual processes are among the most central issues in the study of human cognition. Should knowledge be abstract, then semantic memory and perception should be relatively independent. On the contrary, if knowledge is sensory-dependent, then memory and perception should be very close.