Identification of candidate genes for developmental colour agnosia in a single unique family.

Colour agnosia is a disorder that impairs colour knowledge (naming, recognition) despite intact colour perception. Previously, we have identified the first and only-known family with hereditary developmental colour agnosia. The aim of the current study was to explore genomic regions and candidate genes that potentially cause this trait in this family.

Early Surgery Prolongs Professional Activity in IDH Mutant Low-Grade Glioma Patients: A Policy Change Analysis.

Background: Until 2015, Dutch guidelines recommended follow-up and biopsy rather than surgery as initial care for suspected low-grade gliomas (LGG). Given evidence that surgery could extend patient survival, our center stopped following this guideline on January 1, 2010 and opted for early maximal safe resection of LGG. The effects of early surgery on the ability of patients to work remains little documented.

Restrictions and satisfaction with participation in patients who are ADL-independent after an aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage.

Background: Most survivors of an aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (aSAH) are ADL-independent, but they often experience restrictions in (social) activities and, therefore, cannot regain their pre-morbid level of participation.

Objective: In this study, participation restrictions and participation satisfaction experienced after aSAH were assessed. Moreover, possible predictors of participation after aSAH were examined to identify goals for rehabilitation.

Long-term fatigue after perimesencephalic subarachnoid haemorrhage in relation to cognitive functioning, mood and comorbidity.

Purpose: To study relationships between fatigue and objective and subjective cognitive functioning, mood and comorbidity in the long term after perimesencephalic subarachnoid haemorrhage (PM-SAH).

Methods: Cross-sectional study. Objective cognitive functioning was measured with: Trail Making Test; Symbol Substitution; D2; Verbal and Semantic Fluency; Tower Test; Digit Span; 15-Words Test; Rey Complex Figure.

Executive functioning before and after onset of alcohol use disorder in adolescence. A TRAILS study.

Introduction: The aim of the present study was to investigate whether executive functioning (EF) in early adolescence predicted alcohol use disorder (AUD) in late adolescence and whether adolescents with AUD differed in maturation of EF from controls without a diagnosis.

Methods: We used the data from the Tracking Adolescents' Individual Lives Survey (TRAILS), a cohort of 2230 Dutch adolescents. Working memory, inhibition, and attention were measured at ages 11 and 19.

Adolescent Heavy Drinking Does Not Affect Maturation of Basic Executive Functioning: Longitudinal Findings from the TRAILS Study.

Background And Aims: Excessive alcohol use is assumed to affect maturation of cognitive functioning in adolescence. However, most existing studies that have tested this hypothesis are seriously flawed due to the use of selective groups and/or cross-sectional designs, which limits the ability to draw firm conclusions. This longitudinal study investigated whether patterns of alcohol use predicted differences in maturation of executive functioning in adolescence.

Shared and distinct anatomical correlates of semantic and phonemic fluency revealed by lesion-symptom mapping in patients with ischemic stroke.

Semantic and phonemic fluency tasks are frequently used to test executive functioning, speed and attention, and access to the mental lexicon. In semantic fluency tasks, subjects are required to generate words belonging to a category (e.g.

CT perfusion on admission and cognitive functioning 3 months after aneurysmal subarachnoid haemorrhage.

Many survivors of aneurysmal subarachnoid haemorrhage (aSAH) have persistent cognitive deficits. Underlying causes of these deficits have not been elucidated. We aimed to investigate if cerebral perfusion in the acute phase after aSAH measured with CT perfusion (CTP) is associated with cognitive outcome 3 months after aSAH.

Distinct anatomical correlates of discriminability and criterion setting in verbal recognition memory revealed by lesion-symptom mapping.

Recognition memory, that is, the ability to judge whether an item has been previously encountered in a particular context, depends on two factors: discriminability and criterion setting. Discriminability draws on memory processes while criterion setting (i.e.

Computerization of the standard corsi block-tapping task affects its underlying cognitive concepts: a pilot study.

The tablet computer initiates an important step toward computerized administration of neuropsychological tests. Because of its lack of standardization, the Corsi Block-Tapping Task could benefit from advantages inherent to computerization. This task, which requires reproduction of a sequence of movements by tapping blocks as demonstrated by an examiner, is widely used as a representative of visuospatial attention and working memory.

The anatomy of visuospatial construction revealed by lesion-symptom mapping.

Visuospatial construction is a complex cognitive operation that is composed of a purely constructional component (visuoconstruction proper), and visuoperceptive, attentional, and decision-making components. The anatomical correlates of visuospatial construction and its cognitive subcomponents are poorly understood. The purpose of the present study was to determine the anatomical correlates of visuospatial construction by applying lesion-symptom mapping in a cohort of 111 patients with first-ever ischemic stroke.

Absolute and relative temporal order memory for performed activities following stroke.

Reconstructing the temporal order of events is a crucial part of episodic memory. The temporal dimension, however, is often discarded in clinical settings, and measurements of true temporal aspects of episodic memory are scarce. The present study assessed temporal memory in stroke patients and in age- and education-matched healthy controls.

Functional correlates of prospective memory in stroke.

Introduction: Prospective memory is the ability to remember actions to be performed later in time or when a certain event occurs. Multiple cognitive processes are involved in prospective memory, and the degree to which automatic or effortful processes are involved may differ for different types of prospective memory tasks. This study aimed to investigate prospective memory (dys)functioning in stroke patients, and to get more insight in which cognitive processes are involved in time- versus event-based prospective memory.

Ipsilateral foetal-type posterior cerebral artery is associated with cognitive decline after carotid revascularisation.

Background: Stenosis of the internal carotid artery has been associated with cognitive impairment and decline. However, studies testing the effect of carotid revascularisation on cognition have had conflicting results. This may in part be explained by variation in the flow territory of the carotid artery.

Affective touch modulates the rubber hand illusion.

Introduction: Humans experience touch as pleasant when this occurs with a certain velocity (1-10cm/s). Affective, pleasant touch is thought to be mediated by a distinct neural pathway consisting of un-myelinated tactile afferents (C tactile fibers) that respond to stroking with a low velocity on the hairy skin. As pleasant touch provides additional information on bodily signals we hypothesized that, compared to regular touch, pleasant touch would have a stronger effect on body ownership as measured through induction of the rubber hand illusion (RHI).

Symptom Checklist 90-Revised in neurological outpatients.

The Symptom Checklist 90-Revised (SCL-90-R) is an international, widely used, self-report questionnaire of multidimensional complaints with normative data for healthy control subjects and psychiatric patients. The questionnaire is also often used in neurological patients. Little is known about the amount and pattern of complaints in this group, and normative data are lacking.

The Rubber Hand Illusion in a patient with hand disownership.

A 78-year-old patient with a right hemispheric sensorimotor ischemic stroke suffered from problems in ownership of her left arm (somatoparaphrenia). After recovering from motor weakness, however, body ownership problems remained present. To assess whether disturbed feelings of ownership coincided with an enhanced or diminished susceptibility for gaining ownership over a foreign hand, we applied the 'Rubber Hand Illusion' (RHI) to the ipsi- and contralesional hand.

Executive functioning shows differential maturation from early to late adolescence: longitudinal findings from a TRAILS study.

Objective: Maturation of executive functioning (EF) is topical, especially in relation to adolescence, yet longitudinal research covering early and late adolescence is lacking. This, however, is a prerequisite for drawing conclusions on normal cognitive development, and understanding deviant maturation. The aim of this study is to longitudinally investigate 6 subcomponents of EF in early (mean age 11) and late adolescence (mean age 19) and to investigate the influence of sex and socioeconomic status (SES).

The effect of white matter lesions on cognition after carotid revascularization.

Background: Cerebral white matter lesions (WML) are associated with cognitive impairment, and carotid revascularization with cognitive worsening or improvement. We assessed the relation between WML severity and changes in cognition after carotid endarterectomy or stenting.

Methods: Patients with symptomatic carotid artery stenosis, enrolled in the International Carotid Stenting Study (ISRCTN25337470), underwent detailed neuropsychological examinations (NPEs) before and after 6 months.

Insight in cognition: self-awareness of performance across cognitive domains.

Loss of cognitive functions, as apparent through self-awareness, is considered an important indicator of cognitive deficits and is therefore commonly used in clinical practice. However, little is known about self-awareness of cognitive performance, including its accuracy, its basis, and whether people can distinguish their performance across different cognitive domains. In the present study, 20 university students (M (age) = 21.

Exploration of the Raven APM-National Adult Reading Test discrepancy as a measure of intellectual decline in older persons.

Previous studies have shown that the discrepancy between performance on "fluid" and "crystallized" intelligence measures may serve as an indicator for intellectual decline. The validity of this procedure in older persons is unknown. The present study developed a multiple regression equation, to predict the Raven Advanced Progressive Matrices (APM) score from the National Adult Reading Test (NART) score and demographic variables in a large sample of healthy older persons (n = 270).

Ophthalmic impairment or higher-order visual deficit? Posterior cortical atrophy: a case report.

A 64-year-old man (GK) was referred to our memory clinic because of progressive memory and concentration problems. His symptoms had started 3 years earlier with gradually increasing visual problems for which no ophthalmologic explanations could be found. Neuropsychological assessment with detailed examination of the visuoperception revealed striking impairments in the higher-order visual functions, leading to a probable diagnosis of posterior cortical atrophy (PCA).

Cognitive outcome of survivors of space-occupying hemispheric infarction.

In patients with space-occupying hemispheric infarction, surgical decompression within 48 h after stroke onset increases the chance of a good functional outcome, but also the chance of survival with severe disability. Until now, cognitive outcome in these patients has not been reported in a consecutive series. Participants of the hemicraniectomy after middle cerebral artery infarction with life-threatening edema trial (HAMLET; ISRCTN94237756) underwent detailed neuropsychological examination at a median of 14.

Effects of magnetic stray fields from a 7 tesla MRI scanner on neurocognition: a double-blind randomised crossover study.

Objective: This study characterises neurocognitive domains that are affected by movement-induced time-varying magnetic fields (TVMF) within a static magnetic stray field (SMF) of a 7 Tesla (T) MRI scanner.

Methods: Using a double-blind randomised crossover design, 31 healthy volunteers were tested in a sham (0 T), low (0.5 T) and high (1.

Lateralization of spatial relation processing in natural scenes.

Spatial relations between objects can be represented in a categorical and in a coordinate manner. Categorical representations reflect abstract relations, like 'left of' or 'under', whereas coordinate representations concern exact metric distances between objects. These two types of spatial relations are thought to be linked to a left hemisphere and a right hemisphere advantage, respectively.