Coping in adolescents: A mediator between stress and disordered eating.

Background: Adolescence is a developmental period that can place individuals at heightened risk of engaging in disordered eating patterns. Stress and coping have been included as etiological factors of eating pathology, yet the mechanism of this relationship in adolescent males and females remains understudied.

Aims: This study investigated the role of coping as a mediator in the stress-disordered eating relationship in a sample of adolescents.

Appearance satisfaction mediates the relationship between recreational screen time and depressive symptoms in adolescents.

Background: Research suggests there is an association between high levels of recreational screen time and depression among adolescents; however, mechanisms driving this association remain unknown. The present study examined appearance and weight satisfaction and disordered eating behaviors as mediators in the relationship between recreational screen time and depressive symptoms in adolescents.

Method: Longitudinal data on screen time, depressive symptoms, disordered eating behaviors, and appearance and weight satisfaction from 304 adolescents (194 females, M  = 13.

Examining Shared Pathways for Eating Disorders and Obesity in a Community Sample of Adolescents: The REAL Study.

Several psychosocial models have been proposed to explain the etiology of eating disorders (EDs) and obesity separately despite research suggesting they should be conceptualized within a shared theoretical framework. The objective of the current study was to test an integrated comprehensive model consisting of a host of common risk and protective factors (socio-environmental, psychological, and behavioral) expected to explain both eating and weight disorders simultaneously in a large school-based sample of adolescents. Data were collected from 3,043 youth (60% female, 14.

Examining the Bidirectional Association Between Body Esteem and Body Mass Index During Adolescence.

Objective: Research on body esteem (weight and appearance esteem) and weight suggests that having a positive body esteem may be associated with more stable weight trajectories during adolescence, and adolescents with higher weight report lower levels of body esteem. However, bidirectional relationships between body esteem and weight have not yet been examined. This 3-year longitudinal study examined (1) bidirectional relationships between body esteem and body mass index (BMI) and (2) how BMI and body esteem changed together throughout adolescence.

Mediating role of disordered eating in the relationship between screen time and BMI in adolescents: longitudinal findings from the Research on Eating and Adolescent Lifestyles (REAL) study.

Objective: This study investigated whether the duration and type of screen time (ST) (TV viewing, recreational computer use, video gaming) is longitudinally associated with z-BMI and if these relationships are mediated by disordered eating (emotional, restrained).

Design: At baseline, participants were n 1197 (T1; 60 % female) adolescents (mean age = 13·51 years) who completed surveys over 2 years. ST was assessed by a self-reported measure created by the investigative team, while emotional and restrained eating was measured by the Dutch Eating Behaviour Questionnaire (DEB-Q).

Development of the Ottawa Disordered Eating Screen for Youth: The ODES-Y.

Objective: To develop a concise screening tool that allows for early identification of disordered eating in youth.

Study Design: In this 2-step classification accuracy study, questions for the Ottawa Disordered Eating Screen-Youth, a 2-question screening tool (index test), were conceptualized by clinician-scientists from tertiary care pediatric eating disorder and weight-related clinics, and was validated using retrospective data (2004-2010) from a community-based study, the Research on Eating and Adolescent Lifestyles (REAL) study.

Results: Analyses of contrast between the index test and the reference standard using data from 2892 (1714 females) students between grade 7 and grade 12 revealed classification statistics of 67.

Effects of weight teasing and gender on body esteem in youth: A longitudinal analysis from the REAL study.

Weight teasing is associated with body dissatisfaction, but no study has examined the differential impact of the teasing source's gender. This study examined whether the longitudinal relationship between weight teasing (by peers), weight-related comments (by parents) and body esteem differed by the teasing sources' gender, and whether these relationships were moderated by victims' weight status and demographic factors. A school-based sample (N = 1197 at Time 1; 60% female) of adolescents completed surveys over approximately 2 years (Time 1-Time 3).

Eating disorder or oesophageal achalasia during adolescence: diagnostic difficulties.

Marine was a fourteen and a half-year-old adolescent female hospitalized for an eating disorder (ED) of the anorexic type with purging behaviors. She has had a complicated life course, made up of disruptions and discontinuities, both family and school. Since the age of five, Marine had been intermittently treated in psychiatry for a diagnosis of oppositional defiant disorder.

Attachment Style and Obesity: Disordered Eating Behaviors as a Mediator in a Community Sample of Canadian Youth.

Objective: Obesity and overweight are associated with many negative health outcomes. Attachment style has been implicated in the development of obesity in youth. The present study examined if disordered eating behaviors mediate the relationship between attachment style and body mass index (BMI) in a large community sample of Canadian youth.

Benzodiazepine Misuse in the Elderly: Risk Factors, Consequences, and Management.

Benzodiazepine (BZD) inappropriate use (i.e., misuse and overuse) is a worldwide public health problem.

Examining the bidirectional relationship between physical activity, screen time, and symptoms of anxiety and depression over time during adolescence.

More physical activity (PA) and less screen time (ST) are positively associated with mental health in adolescents; however, research is limited by short-term designs and the exclusion of ST when examining PA. We examined: (a) changes in PA, ST, symptoms of depression, and symptoms of anxiety over four assessments spanning 11years, and (b) bidirectional relationships between initial PA, ST, and symptoms of depression and anxiety as predictors of change in each other during adolescence. Between 2006 and 2010, participants from Ottawa Canada (Time1; N=1160, Mean age=13.

Treatment of Maternal Depression in a Medication Clinical Trial and Its Effect on Children.

(Reprinted from the 2015; 172:450-459, with permission from American Psychiatric Association Publishing).

Weight Status and DSM-5 Diagnoses of Eating Disorders in Adolescents From the Community.

Objective: To estimate jointly the point prevalence of weight and eating disorders in a community sample of adolescents; to investigate psychosocial correlates of thinness, overweight, and obesity, and of full- and subthreshold eating disorders (EDs); and to examine the relationships between weight status and prevalence of EDs.

Method: A total of 3,043 Canadian adolescents (1,254 males and 1,789 females; mean age = 14.19 years, SD = 1.

Use of Electroconvulsive Therapy in Adolescents With Treatment-Resistant Depressive Disorders: A Case Series.

Objectives: This study presents a comprehensive case series of adolescents who received electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) for treatment-resistant depression.

Methods: Conducting a chart review, we identified 13 adolescents who had ECT for treatment of depression over a 5-year interval (2008-2013) at a Canadian tertiary care psychiatric hospital. Details about participants' clinical profile, index course of ECT, outcome, side effects, and comorbidities were extracted and analyzed.

Screen time is associated with depression and anxiety in Canadian youth.

Objective: This study examined the relationships between screen time and symptoms of depression and anxiety in a large community sample of Canadian youth.

Method: Participants were 2482 English-speaking grade 7 to 12 students. Cross-sectional data collected between 2006 and 2010 as part of the Research on Eating and Adolescent Lifestyles (REAL) study were used.

Treatment of maternal depression in a medication clinical trial and its effect on children.

Objective: Observational studies show that when a depressed mother's symptoms remit, her children's psychiatric symptoms decrease. Using randomized treatment assignment, the authors sought to determine the differential effects of a depressed mother's treatment on her child.

Method: The study was a randomized double-blind 12-week trial of escitalopram, bupropion, or the combination of the two in depressed mothers (N=76), with independent assessment of their children (N=135; ages 7-17 years).

Comparative distribution and validity of DSM-IV and DSM-5 diagnoses of eating disorders in adolescents from the community.

Objectives: DSM-5 changes for eating disorders (EDs) aimed to reduce preponderance of non-specified cases and increase validity of specific diagnoses. The objectives were to estimate the combined effect of changes on prevalence of EDs in adolescents and examine validity of diagnostic groupings.

Method: A total of 3043 adolescents (1254 boys and 1789 girls, Mage  = 14.

Canadian clinical practice guidelines for the management of anxiety, posttraumatic stress and obsessive-compulsive disorders.

Background: Anxiety and related disorders are among the most common mental disorders, with lifetime prevalence reportedly as high as 31%. Unfortunately, anxiety disorders are under-diagnosed and under-treated.

Methods: These guidelines were developed by Canadian experts in anxiety and related disorders through a consensus process.

Psychopathology and functioning among children of treated depressed fathers and mothers.

Objective: Recent findings suggest that remissions of maternal depression are associated with decrease in offspring psychopathology. Little is known about the offspring effects of decrease in paternal depression.

Method: The offspring of married fathers and married mothers were compared.

Partial hospitalization for youth with psychiatric disorders: treatment outcomes and 3-month follow-up.

A partial hospitalization program was developed for youth with moderate to severe psychiatric disorders. The objectives of this study were to prospectively assess changes from admission to discharge in the participants' clinical symptoms and psychosocial functioning, as well as the maintenance of any treatment gains at 3-month follow-up. In this naturalistic treatment study, 55 youth completed both the youth partial hospitalization program and the study.

Children of treatment-seeking depressed mothers: a comparison with the sequenced treatment alternatives to relieve depression (STAR*D) child study.

Objective: To estimate the prevalence of current psychiatric disorders among children and adolescents (collectively called children) of mothers entering treatment for depression; to examine maternal predictors of child psychopathology among children of depressed mothers; and to determine consistency of findings with a similar child study ancillary to Sequenced Treatment Alternatives to Reduce Depression (STAR⁎D) from seven United States sites (STAR⁎D-Child).

Method: Mothers (N = 82) with major depressive disorder (MDD) enrolled in a treatment study in Ottawa (Ontario, Canada) or New York City, and their eligible children (N = 145) (aged 7 through 17 years) were assessed independently when the mother enrolled.

Results: Among the children of depressed mothers, 42% had at least one current psychiatric diagnosis, including affective (15%), anxiety (19%), behavioral (23%), and/or substance use (2%) disorders.

Parental bonds in children at high and low familial risk for panic disorder.

A rejecting and overprotective parenting style is considered to be an important risk factor for the development of anxiety disorders. This study examined the role of perceived parental bonding as a potential environmental risk factor for panic disorder (PD) in unaffected offspring with parental PD. Children with a biological parent with PD (n = 71) and children of parents with no psychiatric history (n = 80) participated in the study.

A randomized controlled trial of adjunctive family therapy and treatment as usual following inpatient treatment for anorexia nervosa adolescents.

Unlabelled: Research on treatments in anorexia nervosa (AN) is scarce. Although most of the therapeutic programs used in 'real world practice' in AN treatment resort to multidisciplinary approaches, they have rarely been evaluated.

Objective: To compare two multidimensional post-hospitalization outpatients treatment programs for adolescents with severe AN: Treatment as Usual (TAU) versus this treatment plus family therapy (TAU+FT).