Publications by authors named "Martina Trentini"

Introduction: In the process of bone regeneration, a prominent role is played by macrophages involved in both the initial inflammation and the regeneration/vascularization phases, due to their M2 anti-inflammatory phenotype. Together with osteoclasts, they participate in the degradation of the bone matrix if the inflammatory process does not end. In this complex scenario, recently, much attention has been paid to extracellular communication mediated by nanometer-sized vesicles, with high information content, called exosomes (EVs).

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Exposure to microgravity (μg) results in a range of systemic changes in the organism, but may also have beneficial cellular effects. In a previous study we detected increased proliferation capacity and upregulation of genes related to proliferation and survival in boundary cap neural crest stem cells (BC) after MASER14 sounding rocket flight compared to ground-based controls. However, whether these changes were due to μg or hypergravity was not clarified.

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Exosomes are nanosized extracellular vesicles secreted by all cell types, including canine adipose-derived stem cells (cADSCs). By mediating intercellular communication, exosomes modulate the biology of adjacent and distant cells by transferring their cargo. In the present work after isolation and characterization of exosomes derived from canine adipose tissue, we treated the same canine donors affected by hepatopathies with the previously isolated exosomes.

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Background: Plant-derived nanovesicles (PDNVs) are a novelty in medical and agrifood environments, with several studies exploring their functions and potential applications. Among fruits, apples (sp. Malus domestica) have great potential as PDNVs source, given their widespread consumption, substantial waste production, and recognized health benefits.

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In the past few decades, nanomedicine research has advanced dramatically. In spite of this, traditional nanomedicine faces major obstacles, such as blood-brain barriers, low concentrations at target sites, and rapid removal from the body. Exosomes as natural extracellular vesicles contain special bioactive molecules for cell-to-cell communications and nervous tissue function, which could overcome the challenges of nanoparticles.

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Small extracellular vesicles (sEVs) derived from mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have attracted growing interest as a possible novel therapeutic agent for the management of different cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). Hypoxia significantly enhances the secretion of angiogenic mediators from MSCs as well as sEVs. The iron-chelating deferoxamine mesylate (DFO) is a stabilizer of hypoxia-inducible factor 1 and consequently used as a substitute for environmental hypoxia.

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Several factors, such as ischemia, infection and skin injury impair the wound healing process. One common pathway in all these processes is related to the reactive oxygen species (ROS), whose production plays a vital role in wound healing. In this view, several strategies have been developed to stimulate the activation of the antioxidative system, thereby reducing the damage related to oxidative stress and improving wound healing.

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Skin ageing is strictly related to chronic inflammation of the derma and the decay of structural proteins of the extracellular matrix. Indeed, it has become common practice to refer to this phenomenon as inflammageing. Biotech innovation is always in search of new active principles that induce a youthful appearance.

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Aortic valve stenosis has become the most common valvular disease in elderly patients. Several treatments are available such as surgical aortic valve replacement and transcatheter aortic valve implantation. To date, however, there is a need to discover alternative treatments that can delay the disease progression and, therefore, the implant of a prosthetic valve.

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Regenerative medicine is the branch of medicine that effectively uses stem cell therapy and tissue engineering strategies to guide the healing or replacement of damaged tissues or organs. A crucial element is undoubtedly the biomaterial that guides biological events to restore tissue continuity. The polymers, natural or synthetic, find wide application thanks to their great adaptability.

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Craniofacial tissue reconstruction still represents a challenge in regenerative medicine. Mesenchymal stem cell (MSC)-based tissue engineering strategies have been introduced to enhance bone tissue repair. However, the risk of related complications is limiting their usage.

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The constant dialogue between the plant world and the animal world (including man among them) has been known since the time of Adam and Eve, where an apple was the origin of the evils of the world. Apart from Snow White-who might have something to object to when it comes to the use of apples-fruits, plants, and natural extracts have been known for millennia as remedies for human health-related ailments. In the light of such evidence, the aim of the present work was to investigate from a biological point of view the potential role of apple exosomes in inflammatory processes on human cells.

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The successful clinical application of bone tissue engineering requires customized implants based on the receiver's bone anatomy and defect characteristics. Three-dimensional (3D) printing in small animal orthopedics has recently emerged as a valuable approach in fabricating individualized implants for receiver-specific needs. In veterinary medicine, because of the wide range of dimensions and anatomical variances, receiver-specific diagnosis and therapy are even more critical.

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(1) Background: Implantation of metal-based scaffolds is a common procedure for treating several diseases. However, the success of the long-term application is limited by an insufficient endothelialization of the material surface. Nanostructured modifications of metal scaffolds represent a promising approach to faster biomaterial osteointegration through increasing of endothelial commitment of the mesenchymal stem cells (MSC).

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A challenge in contractile restoration of myocardial scars is one of the principal aims in cardiovascular surgery. Recently, a new potent biological tool used within healing processes is represented by exosomes derived from mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). These cells are the well-known extracellular nanovesicles released from cells to facilitate cell function and communication.

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