Reducing recurrence in non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer by systematically implementing guideline-based recommendations: effect of a prospective intervention in primary bladder cancer patients.

In non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC), local recurrence after transurethral resection of the bladder (TURB) is common. Outcomes vary between urological centres, partly due to the sub-optimal surgical technique and insufficient application of measures recommended in the guidelines. This study evaluated early recurrence rates after primary TURB for NMIBC before and after introducing a standardized treatment protocol.

Correction: Interaction between c-jun and Androgen Receptor Determines the Outcome of Taxane Therapy in Castration Resistant Prostate Cancer.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.

Interaction between c-jun and androgen receptor determines the outcome of taxane therapy in castration resistant prostate cancer.

Taxane based chemotherapy is the standard of care treatment in castration resistant prostate cancer (CRPC). There is convincing evidence that taxane therapy affects androgen receptor (AR) but the exact mechanisms have to be further elucidated. Our studies identified c-jun as a crucial key player which interacts with AR and thus determines the outcome of the taxane therapy given.

Expression and localization of serotonin receptors in human breast cancer.

The aim of this study was to examine the expression of serotonin receptors in patients with breast cancer and to explore their utility as diagnostic and prognostic markers. Immunohistochemical analysis was performed to examine the expression of serotonin (5-HT) receptor subtypes 1A, 1B, 2B and 4 in a tissue microarray containing tumor specimens from 102 patients. Statistical analysis was performed to correlate the expression of these proteins with regard to clinical parameters.

Properties and effects of a novel liquid crystal nanoparticle formulation of docetaxel in a prostate cancer mouse model.

Treatment with docetaxel is the standard of care as first line chemotherapy in castration resistant prostate cancer. Due to serious side effects from the commercially available Taxotere formulation, we aimed to develop a safe and effective nanoparticle formulation of docetaxel. Liquid crystal nanoparticles (LCNPs), based on phosphatidyl choline, glycerol dioleate and polysorbate 80 dispersed in excess aqueous solution, were produced by simple procedures as carriers of docetaxel.

The prostate cancer gene 3 (PCA3) urine test in men with previous negative biopsies: does free-to-total prostate-specific antigen ratio influence the performance of the PCA3 score in predicting positive biopsies?

Objective: to determine the performance characteristics of the prostate cancer gene 3 (PCA3) score on the outcome of biopsy relative to different ranges of free-to-total prostate-specific antigen (PSA) ratio (f/tPSA) in men with a previous negative biopsy and a PSA level of 2.5-10 ng/mL, as urine tests like PCA3 are currently under investigation in order to improve prostate cancer diagnosis and to decrease the rate of unnecessary rebiopsies.

Patients And Methods: data from the previous prospective European multicentre study were reviewed.

Serotonin activates MAP kinase and PI3K/Akt signaling pathways in prostate cancer cell lines.

Purpose: This study was conducted to examine the effects of 5-HT on extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (Erk1/2) and Akt pathways in prostate cancer (PC) cells.

Methods: PC cell lines PC-3, Du145, and LNCaP stimulated with 5-HT in the presence of MEK or PI3K inhibitors and 5-HT receptor subtype 1A antagonist were analyzed by Western blotting and immunofluorescence. The proliferation assay BrdU and Boyden chamber were used to determine proliferation and migration, respectively.

Multiple cellular mechanisms related to cyclin A1 in prostate cancer invasion and metastasis.

Background: Cyclin A1 is a cell cycle regulator that has been implicated in the progression of prostate cancer. Its role in invasion and metastasis of this disease has not been characterized.

Methods: Immunohistochemistry and cDNA microarray analyses were used to assess protein and mRNA expression of cyclin A1 and proteins with roles in metastasis, including vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), metalloproteinase 2 (MMP2), and MMP9, in human prostate cancer.

Clinical utility of the PCA3 urine assay in European men scheduled for repeat biopsy.

Background: The Prostate CAncer gene 3 (PCA3) assay has shown promise as an aid in prostate cancer (pCA) diagnosis in identifying men with a high probability of a positive (repeat) biopsy.

Objective: This study evaluated the clinical utility of the PROGENSA PCA3 assay.

Design, Setting, And Participants: This European prospective, multicentre study enrolled men with one or two negative biopsies scheduled for repeat biopsy.

Diagnostic criteria, classification, and nomenclature for painful bladder syndrome/interstitial cystitis: an ESSIC proposal.

Objectives: Because the term "interstitial cystitis" (IC) has different meanings in different centers and different parts of the world, the European Society for the Study of Interstitial Cystitis (ESSIC) has worked to create a consensus on definitions, diagnosis, and classification in an attempt to overcome the lack of international agreement on various aspects of IC.

Methods: ESSIC has discussed definitions, diagnostic criteria, and disease classification in four meetings and extended e-mail correspondence.

Results: It was agreed to name the disease bladder pain syndrome (BPS).

DD3PCA3 RNA analysis in urine--a new perspective for detecting prostate cancer.

Objectives: Serum tPSA lacks specificity. The DD3(PCA3) gene is highly specific for prostate cancer and is detectable in prostate cancer cells shed into urine after rectal palpation. A newly developed nucleic acid sequence based amplification assay (uPM3) for detecting DD3(PCA3) RNA in urine samples was evaluated prospectively in patients referred for prostate cancer detection.