Noninvasive respiratory support after extubation: a systematic review and network meta-analysis.

Background: The effect of noninvasive respiratory support (NRS), including high-flow nasal oxygen, bi-level positive airway pressure and continuous positive airway pressure (noninvasive ventilation (NIV)), for preventing and treating post-extubation respiratory failure is still unclear. Our objective was to assess the effects of NRS on post-extubation respiratory failure, defined as re-intubation secondary to post-extubation respiratory failure (primary outcome). Secondary outcomes included the incidence of ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP), discomfort, intensive care unit (ICU) and hospital mortality, ICU and hospital length of stay (LOS), and time to re-intubation.

Explanation of trial sequential analysis: using a post-hoc analysis of meta-analyses published in Korean Journal of Anesthesiology.

Background: Trial sequential analysis (TSA) is a recent cumulative meta-analysis method used to weigh type I and II errors and to estimate when the effect is large enough to be unaffected by further studies. The aim of this study was to illustrate possible TSA scenarios and their significance using meta-analyses published in the Korean Journal of Anesthesiology as working material.

Methods: We performed a systematic medical literature search for meta-analyses published in the Korean Journal of Anesthesiology.

Novel Mutations and Unreported Clinical Features in KBG Syndrome.

KBG syndrome is an autosomal dominant disorder caused by pathogenic variants within or deletions of 16q24.3 which include . It is characterized by distinctive facial features, developmental delay, short stature, and skeletal anomalies.