Family History of Diabetes and Clinical Characteristics in Children at Diagnosis of Type 1 Diabetes-A Swedish Population-Based Study.

Objective: To compare the prevalence of parental diabetes between children with and without type 1 diabetes (T1D), and to compare clinical characteristics at diagnosis of T1D in children with, versus without, a family history of diabetes.

Research Design And Methods: Parental diabetes among children with T1D was compared with a general population cohort. Clinical characteristics were compared by family history of diabetes in parents and grandparents of 3,603 children with T1D using relative risk (RR) and ANOVA.

Changing diagnostic criteria for gestational diabetes (CDC4G) in Sweden: A stepped wedge cluster randomised trial.

Background: The World Health Organisation (WHO) 2013 diagnostic criteria for gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) has been criticised due to the limited evidence of benefits on pregnancy outcomes in different populations when switching from previously higher glycemic thresholds to the lower WHO-2013 diagnostic criteria. The aim of this study was to determine whether the switch from previous Swedish (SWE-GDM) to the WHO-2013 GDM criteria in Sweden following risk factor-based screening improves pregnancy outcomes.

Methods And Findings: A stepped wedge cluster randomised trial was performed between January 1 and December 31, 2018 in 11 clusters (17 delivery units) across Sweden, including all pregnancies under care and excluding preexisting diabetes, gastric bypass surgery, or multifetal pregnancies from the analysis.

Gestational age at birth and type 1 diabetes in childhood and young adulthood: a nationwide register study in Finland, Norway and Sweden.

Aims/hypothesis: Children and adults born preterm have an increased risk of type 1 diabetes. However, there is limited information on risk patterns across the full range of gestational ages, especially after extremely preterm birth (23-27 weeks of gestation). We investigated the risk of type 1 diabetes in childhood and young adulthood across the full range of length of gestation at birth.

Prevalence and Predictive Factors for Celiac Disease in Children With Type 1 Diabetes: Whom and When to Screen? A Nationwide Longitudinal Cohort Study of Swedish Children.

Objective: To examine the prevalence and predictive factors for celiac disease (CD) after a diagnosis of type 1 diabetes (T1D) in children and adolescents, to improve the current screening guidelines.

Research Design And Methods: The association between sex, age at T1D diagnosis, HLA, and diabetes autoantibodies, and a diagnosis of CD was examined in 5,295 children with T1D from the Better Diabetes Diagnosis study in Sweden.

Results: The prevalence of biopsy-proven CD was 9.

Maternal type 1 diabetes, preterm birth, and risk of intellectual disability in the offspring: A nation-wide study in Sweden.

Objective: There are few data on long-term neurological or cognitive outcomes in the offspring of mothers with type 1 diabetes (T1D). The aims of this study were to examine if maternal T1D increases the risk of intellectual disability (ID) in the offspring, estimate the amount of mediation through preterm birth, and examine if the association was modified by maternal glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c).

Design: Population-based cohort study using population-based data from several national registries in Sweden.

Preterm delivery and maternal obesity remain common complications in pregnancies with type 1 diabetes-A nationwide study in Sweden.

Aim: A primary goal of obstetric care of women with type 1 diabetes (T1D) is to reduce the risks of preterm birth (PTB). Besides hyperglycaemia, maternal obesity is an important risk factor for PTB in T1D. However, it's unclear if public health efforts decreased risks of maternal obesity and PTB in pregnancies with T1D.

Sex Differences in Age of Diagnosis, HLA Genotype, and Autoantibody Profile in Children With Type 1 Diabetes.

Objective: To examine sex differences in children with newly diagnosed type 1 diabetes (T1D) with respect to age at diagnosis, presence of autoantibodies (GAD antibody [GADA], insulinoma-associated protein 2 [IA-2A], insulin autoantibody [IAA], and zinc transporter 8 autoantibody), and HLA risk.

Research Design And Methods: A population-based nationwide sample of 3,645 Swedish children at T1D diagnosis was used.

Results: Girls were younger at T1D diagnosis (9.

Time-trends in body mass index, and overweight and obesity as independent risk factors for diabetes angiopathy in young females with type 1 diabetes - A nationwide study in Sweden.

Aims: To examine time-trends in BMI-distributions of young females with and without type 1 diabetes (T1D), with focus on the upper half of the distribution i.e., the median and above, and to explore if overweight and obesity independently increase risk of diabetes angiopathy.

Paternal and maternal psychiatric history and risk of preterm and early term birth: A nationwide study using Swedish registers.

Background: Women with psychiatric diagnoses are at increased risk of preterm birth (PTB), with potential life-long impact on offspring health. Less is known about the risk of PTB in offspring of fathers with psychiatric diagnoses, and for couples where both parents were diagnosed. In a nationwide birth cohort, we examined the association between psychiatric history in fathers, mothers, and both parents and gestational age.

Estimated glucose disposal rate is associated with retinopathy and kidney disease in young people with type 1 diabetes: a nationwide observational study.

Aims: The aim of this study was to investigate the association between estimated glucose disposal rate (eGDR), a proxy for insulin resistance, and retinopathy or kidney disease, i.e. micro-, or macroalbuminuria, in young individuals with type 1 diabetes (T1D).

Parental history of psychiatric disorders and risk of type 1 diabetes in the offspring.

Objective: To examine risk of type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) in the offspring of parents with a psychiatric history at the birth of the child, which would suggest potential shared familial or environmental risk factors between T1DM and psychiatric disorders.

Methods: We established a cohort including all children born in Sweden in 1997-2016, and their parents. Children were followed up from birth until 31 Dec 2017, using national registers.

Maternal type 1 diabetes, pre-term birth and risk of autism spectrum disorder-a prospective cohort study.

Background: It has been suggested that maternal type 1 diabetes (T1D) increases the risk of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) in the offspring. However, it is unclear whether this risk is mediated by pre-term birth, affecting around one-third of pregnancies with T1D, and whether maternal levels of glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) impact the risk.

Methods: A cohort of 1.

Month of birth and the risk of developing type 1 diabetes among children in the Swedish national Better Diabetes Diagnosis Study.

Aim: Previous studies have reported an association between month of birth and incidence of type 1 diabetes. Using population-based data, including almost all newly diagnosed children with type 1 diabetes in Sweden, we tested whether month of birth influences the risk of type 1 diabetes.

Methods: For 8761 children diagnosed with type 1 diabetes between May 2005 and December 2016 in the Better Diabetes Diagnosis study, month of birth, sex and age were compared.

Association of Perinatal and Childhood Ischemic Stroke With Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder.

Importance: Early detection of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) plays a crucial role in reducing negative effects on everyday life, including academic failure and poor social functioning. Children who survive ischemic strokes risk major disabilities, but their risk of ADHD has not been studied in nationwide cohorts.

Objective: To assess the risk of ADHD in children after pediatric ischemic stroke.

Gestational age and risk of intellectual disability: a population-based cohort study.

Objective: To examine the association between gestational age at birth and risk of clinically diagnosed intellectual disability (ID) week by week to provide a detailed description of ID risk across the entire range of gestational ages and by severity of ID.

Methods: All individuals born alive in Sweden 1974-2017 were prospectively followed up from birth until 2017 using national registers. The HRs for ID according to weekly gestational age and gestational age categories were determined using Cox models.

The KAG motif of HLA-DRB1 (β71, β74, β86) predicts seroconversion and development of type 1 diabetes.

Background: HLA-DR4, a common antigen of HLA-DRB1, has multiple subtypes that are strongly associated with risk of type 1 diabetes (T1D); however, some are risk neutral or resistant. The pathobiological mechanism of HLA-DR4 subtypes remains to be elucidated.

Methods: We used a population-based case-control study of T1D (962 patients and 636 controls) to decipher genetic associations of HLA-DR4 subtypes and specific residues with susceptibility to T1D.

Maternal obesity and stillbirth at term; placental pathology-A case control study.

Objective: The aim was to explore the potential role of the placenta for the risk of stillbirth at term in pregnancies of obese women.

Methods: This was a case-control study comparing placental findings from term stillbirths with placental findings from live born infants. Cases were singleton term stillbirths to normal weight or obese women, identified in the Stockholm stillbirth database, n = 264 and n = 87, respectively.

Nine residues in HLA-DQ molecules determine with susceptibility and resistance to type 1 diabetes among young children in Sweden.

HLA-DQ molecules account over 50% genetic risk of type 1 diabetes (T1D), but little is known about associated residues. Through next generation targeted sequencing technology and deep learning of DQ residue sequences, the aim was to uncover critical residues and their motifs associated with T1D. Our analysis uncovered (αa1, α44, α157, α196) and (β9, β30, β57, β70, β135) on the HLA-DQ molecule.

Obesity in childhood, socioeconomic status, and completion of 12 or more school years: a prospective cohort study.

Objectives: Children with obesity achieve lower educational level compared with normal-weight peers. Parental socioeconomic status (SES) impacts both a child's academic achievement and risk of obesity. The degree to which the association between obesity and education depends on parental SES is unclear.

Celiac disease can be predicted by high levels of tissue transglutaminase antibodies in children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes.

Objectives: Children with type 1 diabetes (T1D) are not included in guidelines regarding diagnosis criteria for celiac disease (CD) without a diagnostic biopsy, due to lack of data. We explored whether tissue transglutaminase antibodies (anti-tTG) that were ≥ 10 times the upper limit of normal (10× ULN) predicted CD in T1D.

Methods: Data from the Swedish prospective Better Diabetes Diagnosis study was used, and 2035 children and adolescents with T1D diagnosed between 2005-2010 were included.

Gestational age and the risk of autism spectrum disorder in Sweden, Finland, and Norway: A cohort study.

Introduction: The complex etiology of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is still unresolved. Preterm birth (<37 weeks of gestation) and its complications are the leading cause of death of babies in the world, and those who survive often have long-term health problems. Length of gestation, including preterm birth, has been linked to ASD risk, but robust estimates for the whole range of gestational ages (GAs) are lacking.

Is obesity in pregnancy associated with signs of chronic fetal hypoxia?

Introduction: The prevalence of obesity in pregnancy is increasing worldwide. Maternal obesity increases risks of severe fetal and neonatal complications. The underlying pathophysiological mechanisms are unclear.

Association of childhood obesity with risk of early all-cause and cause-specific mortality: A Swedish prospective cohort study.

Background: Pediatric obesity is associated with increased risk of premature death from middle age onward, but whether the risk is already increased in young adulthood is unclear. The aim was to investigate whether individuals who had obesity in childhood have an increased mortality risk in young adulthood, compared with a population-based comparison group.

Methods And Findings: In this prospective cohort study, we linked nationwide registers and collected data on 41,359 individuals.