Phytoconstituents and renoprotective effect of leaves extract on radiation-induced nephritis in rats via TGF-/smad pathway.

Renoprotectors are highly demanded due to environmental nephrotoxic factors. leaves extract alleviating effect was assessed in nephritic-induced rats by whole body shot dose of γ-radiation. Many biomarkers were detected using several assays.

Two clerodane diterpenes isolated from leaves: comparative structural features, anti-histaminic and anti- activities.

Phytochemical studies of methylene chloride soluble fraction from the 70% aqueous-alcoholic extract of (leaves) resulted in the isolation of two known clerodane diterpenes, namely: 16-hydroxycleroda-3,13(14)-dien-16,15-olide () and (4→2)-abeo-16-hydroxy-cleroda-2,13(14)-dien-15,16-olide-3-al (). The isolated compounds were evaluated for their anti-histaminic and anti- activities. Compound was more potent than with IC 29.