Pancreatic infiltrative malignancy masquerading as autoimmune pancreatitis: Case report, review of radiological criteria, and literature.

We report a case of a 44-year-old male patient, who presented to the University Hospital of Salzburg, Austria with abdominal pain, persistent jaundice, and lack of appetite. Radiological work-up (CT, MRI, PET/CT) indicated a suspicious mass of the uncinate process of the pancreatic head with adjacent infiltration and regional lymphadenopathy. The differential diagnosis was between primary pancreatic cancer and focal autoimmune pancreatitis.

HER2 copy number determination in breast cancer using the highly sensitive droplet digital PCR method.

Human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER)-positive breast cancer (BC) is characterized by an aggressive clinical course. In the case of HER2 overexpression/amplification, patients benefit from HER2-targeting therapies. Standardized diagnostic HER2 assessment includes immunohistochemistry (IHC) and/or in situ hybridization (ISH).

Substrate Affinity Versus Catalytic Efficiency: Ancestral Sequence Reconstruction of tRNA Nucleotidyltransferases Solves an Enzyme Puzzle.

In tRNA maturation, CCA-addition by tRNA nucleotidyltransferase is a unique and highly accurate reaction. While the mechanism of nucleotide selection and polymerization is well understood, it remains a mystery why bacterial and eukaryotic enzymes exhibit an unexpected and surprisingly low tRNA substrate affinity while they efficiently catalyze the CCA-addition. To get insights into the evolution of this high-fidelity RNA synthesis, the reconstruction and characterization of ancestral enzymes is a versatile tool.

Sporadic renal hemangioblastoma: A case report of a rare benign renal tumor.

In renal tumors, suspicious for renal cell carcinoma, where there is any doubt and discrepancy between morphology and immune profile, we recommend performing further immunohistochemical staining for pan-cytokeratin, S100, NSE, and inhibin-alpha. Thus, follow-up overtreatment can be avoided in cases of benign kidney tumors.

En bloc re-resection of high-risk NMIBC after en bloc resection: results of a multicenter observational study.

Purpose: To investigate the role of en bloc re-resection (EBRS) in patients who had undergone previous en bloc resection for high-risk non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC).

Methods: An international, multicenter, observational retrospective analysis of prospectively collected data. Patients with a high-risk NMIBC who had previously undergone en bloc resection were scheduled for EBRS of the resected area after 40 days.

Non-ischemic laparoscopic partial nephrectomy using 1318-nm diode laser for small exophytic renal tumors.

Purpose: Warm ischemia (WI) and bleeding constitute the main challenges for surgeons during laparoscopic partial nephrectomy (LPN). Current literature on the use of lasers for cutting and coagulation remains scarce and with small cohorts. We present the largest case series to date of non-ischemic LPN using a diode laser for small exophytic renal tumors.

The AR/NCOA1 axis regulates prostate cancer migration by involvement of PRKD1.

Due to the urgent need for new prostate cancer (PCa) therapies, the role of androgen receptor (AR)-interacting proteins should be investigated. In this study we aimed to address whether the AR coactivator nuclear receptor coactivator 1 (NCOA1) is involved in PCa progression. Therefore, we tested the effect of long-term NCOA1 knockdown on processes relevant to metastasis formation.

Fluorescence Guided Targeted Pelvic Lymph Node Dissection for Intermediate and High Risk Prostate Cancer.

Purpose: We investigated whether visualization of the drainage system of the prostate by free indocyanine green would lead to identification of all or even more lymph node metastases detected by super-extended pelvic lymph node dissection in an intermediate and high risk patient population with prostate cancer.

Materials And Methods: A total of 38 consecutive men with intermediate or high risk prostate cancer according to the D'Amico criteria underwent fluorescence targeted pelvic lymph node dissection during laparoscopic radical prostatectomy. Super-extended pelvic lymph node dissection was added as the control.

A suspected malignancy in osteolytic bone tumour of the thumb.

A 75-year-old male patient was referred to our institution owing to a painful and gradually developing lesion of the thumb with suspicious malignancy. The patient was suffering from a swollen, red, tender left thumb for 3 months. An old scar at the finger pulp could be traced from an old minor trauma.

Laparoscopic treatment of intrinsic endometriosis of the urinary tract and proposal of a treatment scheme for ureteral endometriosis.

Objective: To discuss the contemporary management of urinary tract endometriosis and report our experience concerning laparoscopic treatment of intrinsic urinary tract endometriosis.

Methods: We performed a retrospective, multicenter study of data collected from March 2006 to March 2011. Ten women were referred from gynecology, seven with ureteral involvement and hydronephrosis and three with bladder involvement, for urologic management.

pS6 Expression in normal renal parenchyma, primary renal cell carcinomas and their metastases.

In cancer therapy novel concepts focus on phosphoinositide-3-kinase/protein kinase B/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) inhibitors. In this context, phosphorylated S6 protein of the 40S ribosomal subunit (pS6) overexpression was previously shown to be associated with sensitivity to inhibitors of mTOR. The present study therefore evaluated pS6 expression in normal renal parenchyma (NRP), primary renal cell carcinomas (PRCC) and their metastases.

PTEN, pAKT, and pmTOR expression and subcellular distribution in primary renal cell carcinomas and their metastases.

The present study evaluated pAKT, pmTOR, and PTEN expression in a tissue microarray of primary renal cell carcinomas (PRCCs), their metastases, and normal renal parenchyma (NRP) (N = 45) by means of immunohistochemistry. Metastases in most subcellular compartments showed comparable and stronger expression for pAKT, pmTOR, and PTEN than PRCC and NRP, which was even more pronounced in patients with high-risk Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center (MSKCC) score. Furthermore, most subcellular compartments showed no differences between lymphogenous, haematogenous, synchronous, and metachronous metastases, which is interesting with regard to sensitivity to mTOR inhibitor therapy in metastasized RCCs with alterations in the PI3K/AKT pathway.

Surgical vein occlusion--comparison of four different methods in a rat model.

Background: Among many aspects, wound healing depends on early restoration of venous blood flow across wound margins. The type of surgical occlusion of vein stumps during operations was assumed to have an influence on the early postoperative reunion of vein stumps and thereby on wound healing. Currently, there are different methods of vein stump occlusion available: ligation (e.

p-AKT overexpression in primary renal cell carcinomas and their metastases.

In cancer therapy novel concepts focus on phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/activated protein kinase B (p-AKT)/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) inhibitors. In this context, p-AKT overexpression was previously shown to be associated with sensitivity to inhibitors of mTOR. The present study evaluated p-AKT expression in a tissue microarray of primary renal cell carcinomas (PRCCs) (n = 45), their metastases (primary onset n = 45, secondary onset n = 5), and normal renal parenchyma (n = 45) by means of immunohistochemistry.

Diagnostic accuracy of guided cervical biopsies: a prospective multicenter study comparing the histopathology of simultaneous biopsy and cone specimen.

Objective: We sought to determine the validity of colposcopically directed cervical biopsies as a diagnostic test to define the degree of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN).

Study Design: In a prospective multicenter trial, patients undergoing excisional procedures of the transformation zone additionally had colposcopy and up to 3 guided cervical biopsies in a single procedure. Cervical biopsies were regarded as a diagnostic test to detect high-grade lesions (CIN 2,3), with the cone specimen as reference standard.

Nucleoporin 88 expression in normal and neoplastic squamous epithelia of the uterine cervix.

This study investigated the expression of nucleoporin 88 (Nup88) in formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded archival tissues of cervical specimens consisting of normal ectocervical squamous epithelia (n = 34), low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions corresponding to cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) 1 (n = 9), high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions corresponding to CIN2 and CIN3 (n = 28), and invasive squamous cell carcinoma (ISCC; n = 30) to determine whether expression of this factor is involved in the progression of the morphological spectrum from normal cervical epithelia to CIN and cervical ISCC. A standard immunohistochemical technique was performed using a Ventana BenchMark XT immunostainer with a mouse antihuman monoclonal antibody to Nup88. Immunostaining was scored with regard to quantity and intensity of positively stained cells, with final immunoscores from 0 to 12 in each case.

Chromosomal imbalances, 11q21 rearrangement and MECT1-MAML2 fusion transcript in mucoepidermoid carcinomas of the salivary gland.

The aim of this study was to determine genetic alterations in mucoepidermoid carcinomas of the salivary gland in association with clinical and histopathological parameters. Nineteen formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tumors were analysed by using comparative genomic hybridization (CGH), fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) on interphase nuclei and reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) for detection of MECT1-MAML2 fusion transcript. The CGH analysis showed an overrepresentation of chromosome X and losses of entire chromosomes or regions on chromosome 1, 2, and 15 as the most frequent copy number changes.

Increased activated Akt expression in renal cell carcinomas and prognosis.

Renal carcinogenesis is promoted by overexpression of the activated serine/ threonine kinase Akt (p-Akt) and supposedly a concomitant reduction in phosphatase and tensin homologue deleted on chromosome 10 tumour suppressor gene (PTEN), which normally inhibits the activation of Akt. Because promising anti-cancer therapies increasingly focus on pathways involving p-Akt and PTEN, the present study evaluated the expression of p-Akt in renal cell carcinomas and compared it with prognosis. P-Akt and PTEN expression were analysed in a tissue microarray (TMA) from renal cell carcinoma (n = 386) and adjacent uninvolved renal tissue (n = 32) specimens.

Association between atherosclerosis and urothelial tumors of the renal pelvis.

Objectives: An association between the prevalence of general and local atherosclerosis and various types of cancer has previously been reported. The present study therefore aimed to morphometrically compare atherosclerotic changes in kidneys with urothelial carcinomas of the renal pelvis and tumor-negative renal tissue.

Materials And Methods: The intima-to-media ratio (IMR), which is the most sensitive marker for the degree of atherosclerosis, was evaluated in arteries (n = 492) of non-invasive papillary urothelial carcinoma (n = 128), invasive urothelial carcinoma (n = 168) and tumor-negative renal specimens (n = 196).

Association between local atherosclerosis and renal cell carcinomas.

Objective: Atherosclerosis induce changes in reactive oxygen species and oxidative stress by hypoxia leading to oxidative DNA damage and therefore it could be expected that the cancer risk in patients with atherosclerotic diseases is increased.

Materials And Methods: The present study therefore aimed to morphometrically compare atherosclerotic changes (e.g.

Using an automated emboli detection device in a porcine cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) model: feasibility and considerations.

The significant risk of cerebral embolism during cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) makes monitoring of embolic events advisable already when developing new operation and coagulation management strategies for example in CPB animal models. The present study therefore evaluated in a porcine CPB model the feasibility of bilateral epicarotid Doppler signal recording and the quality of manual or automatic emboli detection. A total of 42 recordings (e.

PTEN expression in renal cell carcinoma and oncocytoma and prognosis.

Aims: Deletion or inactivation of the tumour suppressor gene PTEN (phosphatase and tensin homologue deleted from chromosome 10) contributes to tumorigenesis in a variety of human carcinomas. The present study evaluated PTEN expression in renal cell carcinomas and oncocytomas.

Methods: A tissue microarray from 493 specimens including renal cell carcinomas (n = 440), oncocytomas (n = 21) and tumour-negative renal tissue (n = 32) from patients (n = 461) was incubated with an anti-PTEN antibody for subsequent analysis of PTEN expression.

Tissue microarrays from renal cell tumors: exclusion criteria and rate of exclusion.

Objectives: Exclusion of tissue microarray (TMA) cores can cause the total loss of a tumor case, and this can have a potentially negative effect on the results of TMA-based studies. The main aim of this study was to evaluate the loss of informative cores having cut a given number of slices from a TMA block. A further objective was to investigate the effect in various subtypes of renal cell tumors and the detailed reasons for the loss of informative cores.

Tyrolean tensiometer: a new instrument for easy intraoperative tension measurement before vascular anastomosis.

Background And Aim: In reconstructive surgery microsurgical repair of dissected arteries sometimes has to be done under longitudinal tension. Guidelines to support an objective decision on whether tension associated with direct suture is acceptable or whether grafting is needed, do not exist. All experimental data found concerned the clinical outcome of a certain length defect treated in various animal models.