The new Italian SIDAPA Baseline Series for patch testing (2023): an update according to the new regulatory pathway for contact allergens.

Allergic contact dermatitis (ACD) is a common inflammatory skin disease caused by delayed hypersensitivity to chemical and biotic contact allergens. ACD significantly affects the patients' quality of life negatively impacting both occupational and non-occupational settings. Patch testing is the gold standard diagnostic in vivo test to precise the ACD etiology and to correctly perform prevention.

Contact allergy to SIDAPA baseline series allergens in patients with eyelid dermatitis: An Italian multicentre study.

Background: Eyelid dermatitis is a frequent reason of dermatological consultation. Its aetiology is not univocal, being contact dermatitis, both allergic and irritant, the most frequent. The primary sources of allergen exposure include cosmetics, metals, and topical medications, from direct, indirect, or airborne contact.

Pain Control during the Treatment of Primary Palmar Hyperhidrosis with Botulinum Toxin A by a Topical Application of Liposomal Lidocaine: Clinical Effectiveness.

Primary palmar hyperhidrosis (PPH) constitutes a debilitating condition that profoundly impacts the social, functional, and occupational aspects of individuals. The intradermal administration of botulinum toxin type A (BoNT-A) stands as an established therapeutic approach for PPH, albeit one frequently accompanied by considerable pain, posing challenges for patient tolerance. Our study aimed to assess the efficacy of combining cryoanalgesia spray (CA) with topical anesthesia utilizing a cream containing liposomal lidocaine at a concentration of 40 mg/g, with the objective of mitigating the pain associated with intradermal BoNT-A injection for PPH treatment.

Efficacy and Safety of Botulinum Toxin B in Focal Hyperhidrosis: A Narrative Review.

Botulinum toxin type B (BoNT-B), known as Myobloc in the United States and as Neurobloc in Europe, is a new therapeutically available serotype among the botulinum toxin family. During the last years several data have been reported in literature investigating its efficacy and safety, as well as defining the dosing and application regiments of BoNT-B in the treatment of hyperhidrosis. Moreover, recent studies have been examining its safety profile, which may be different from those known about BoNT-A.

New and Old Horizons for an Ancient Drug: Pharmacokinetics, Pharmacodynamics, and Clinical Perspectives of Dimethyl Fumarate.

(1) Background: In their 60-year history, dimethyl fumarate and other salts of fumaric acid have been used for the treatment of psoriasis and other immune-mediated diseases for their immune-modulating properties. Over the years, new mechanisms of action have been discovered for this evergreen drug that remains a first-line treatment for several different inflammatory diseases. Due to its pleiotropic effects, this molecule is still of great interest in varied conditions, not exclusively inflammatory diseases.

Mesenchymal Stem Cells and Psoriasis: Systematic Review.

Mesenchymal Stem Cells (MSCs) are multipotent non-hematopoietic stromal cells found in different body tissues such as bone marrow, adipose tissue, periosteum, Wharton's jelly, umbilical cord, blood, placenta, amniotic fluid, and skin. The biological behavior of MSCs depends mainly on their interaction with the microenvironment in which they are found, whose quality deeply influences the regenerative and immunomodulatory properties of these cells. Several studies confirm the interaction between MSCs and inflammatory microenvironment in the pathogenesis of psoriasis, designating MSCs as an important factor driving psoriasis development.

A Systematic Review of Atopic Dermatitis: The Intriguing Journey Starting from Physiopathology to Treatment, from Laboratory Bench to Bedside.

Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a common chronic inflammatory and immune-mediated skin disease with a complex pathophysiology and still represents a therapeutic challenge, owing to limited responses to available treatments. However, recent advances in the understanding of AD pathophysiology have led to the discovery of several new potential therapeutic targets, and research in the field of new molecules with therapeutic perspectives is boiling, with more than 70 new promising drugs in development. The aim of this systematic review is to provide the state of the art on the current knowledge concerning the pathophysiology of the disease and on novel agents currently being investigated for AD, and to highlight which type of evolution is going to take place in therapeutic approaches of atopic dermatitis in the coming years.

Mesenchymal Stem Cells Profile in Adult Atopic Dermatitis and Effect of IL4-IL13 Inflammatory Pathway Inhibition In Vivo: Prospective Case-Control Study.

Atopic dermatitis (AD) is an inflammatory disease that typically begins in childhood and may persist into adulthood, becoming a lifelong condition. The major inflammatory mediators of AD are known to be interleukin IL4 and IL13, so Dupilumab, which is able to inhibit both interleukins by blocking the shared IL4Rα subunit, has become an attractive option for treating AD. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are involved in the onset and development of AD by secreting specific interleukins.

Botulinum Toxin Type A for Treatment of Forehead Hyperhidrosis: Multicenter Clinical Experience and Review from Literature.

Among the forms of idiopathic hyperhidrosis, those involving the forehead have the greatest impact on patients' quality of life, as symptoms are not very controllable and are difficult to mask for patients. Although the local injection therapy with Incobotulinum toxin type A (IncoBTX-A therapy) can be considered a rational treatment, data from the literature describing both efficacy and safety of the treatment over the long term are poor. The aim of this report is to describe the single-center experience of five patients seeking treatment, for forehead hyperhidrosis with IncoBTX-A.

The pharmacological treatment and management of hyperhidrosis.

Introduction: Idiopathic hyperhidrosis is a dysfunctional disorder involving eccrine sweat glands, and its impact on patients' daily quality of life is well known. Unlike some years ago, when only poor effective and safe therapeutic alternatives were available, nowadays, several emerging pharmacological active substances have gained significant space as treatment options.

Areas Covered: The authors report on, in this narrative review, the emerging data from the literature focusing on the pharmacological treatments to draw up a drug treatment flow chart for patients with idiopathic hyperhidrosis, taking into consideration specific differences among axillary, palmoplantar, and craniofacial hyperhidrosis.

The Challenge Arising from New Knowledge about Immune and Inflammatory Skin Diseases: Where We Are Today and Where We Are Going.

Skin is the widest and most accessible organ of the human body, and among its functions, the immunological one has been one of the most intriguing and investigated during the last 10 years; so, inflammatory and immune-mediated skin diseases (s-IMID) are considered as useful models to understand which physiopathological pathways are implicated in Th1, Th2, Th17, and Th22 inflammatory diseases [...

Treatment of Moderate to Severe Psoriasis during the COVID-19 Pandemic: Lessons Learned and Opportunities.

Since the beginning of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, clinicians have been overwhelmed by questions beyond the SARS-CoV-2 infection itself. In dermatology practice, clinicians have been facing difficulties concerning therapeutic management of chronic immune-mediated skin disease, above all psoriasis. Major challenges arisen were to understand the role of immunosuppression or immunomodulation on COVID-19 evolution, the benefit/risk ratio related to discontinuation or modification of ongoing treatment, and the appropriateness of initiating new treatments, the optimization of timing in vaccination administration to patients under immunomodulatory treatments, and finally how to find new strategy of patients' management through remote assistance.

The Role of Nutrition in Immune-Mediated, Inflammatory Skin Disease: A Narrative Review.

Immune-mediated inflammatory skin diseases are characterized by a complex multifactorial etiology, in which genetic and environmental factors interact both in genesis and development of the disease. Nutrition is a complex and fascinating scenario, whose pivotal role in induction, exacerbation, or amelioration of several human diseases has already been well documented. However, owing to the complexity of immune-mediated skin disease clinical course and breadth and variability of human nutrition, their correlation still remains an open debate in literature.

Treatment of Axillary Bromhidrosis with Topical 2% Glycopyrronium Bromide Cream: A Prospective, Non-randomized, Open-label Study.

Background: Topical glycopyrrolate is a well-established therapeutic option for focal hyperhidrosis; however, there are no data on its efficacy in the treatment of bromhidrosis.

Objectives: The objective of this open-label, non-randomized study was to investigate the efficacy and safety of a galenic formulation of 2% glycopyrronium bromide cream, in the treatment of bromhidrosis.

Methods: Nineteen patients with bromhidrosis were prescribed a 2% glycopyrronium bromide cream, to apply in both axillae, every night, for 12 weeks.

Psoriasis as an Immune-Mediated and Inflammatory Systemic Disease: From Pathophysiology to Novel Therapeutic Approaches.

Psoriasis is an immune-mediated inflammatory disease, with a chronic relapsing-remitting course, which affects 2-3% of the worldwide population. The progressive acquisitions of the inflammatory pathways involved in the development of psoriasis have led to the identification of the key molecules of the psoriatic inflammatory cascade. At the same time, psoriasis therapy has radically evolved with the introduction of target molecules able to modify the natural history of the disease, acting specifically on these inflammatory pathways.

Psoriatic patients treated with secukinumab reach high levels of minimal disease activity: results from the SUPREME study.

Background: Achieving minimal disease activity (MDA) represents an ambitious and sustainable therapeutic goal in psoriasis. Clear criteria for defining MDA in psoriasis are lacking.

Objectives: The primary outcome was to evaluate the effect of 300 mg secukinumab in achieving MDA in patients with psoriasis and identify the most useful criteria to define MDA in such patients.

Long-term efficacy and safety of apremilast in the treatment of plaques psoriasis: A real-world, single-center experience.

Apremilast is a small molecule approved for the treatment of plaques psoriasis and adult psoriatic arthritis. Pivotal studies have demonstrated short and long term efficacy and safety of apremilast but few data in real life are still available. The aim of this study is to report the efficacy and safety results of apremilast in clinical practice in patients with moderate-to-severe plaque psoriasis, focusing on therapeutic results obtained after 24 and 52 weeks of treatment.

Vaccines Against SARS-CoV-2 in Psoriasis Patients on Immunosuppressive Therapy: Implications of Vaccination Nationwide Campaign on Clinical Practice in Italy.

More than 12 months have passed since the World Health Organization (WHO) declared Coronavirus Disease 19 (COVID-19), caused by the SARS-CoV2 virus, to be a pandemic on 11 March 2020. The entire world scientific community agrees that at this time vaccine is the most promising weapon to combat the infection and the severity of the disease. According to the document "Draft landscape of COVID-19 candidate vaccines" by WHO, 272 vaccines against SARS-CoV-2 virus are in development, although only four of these, produced by Pfizer-BioNTech (Pfizer, Inc.

Saliva Proteomics as Fluid Signature of Inflammatory and Immune-Mediated Skin Diseases.

Saliva is easy to access, non-invasive and a useful source of information useful for the diagnosis of serval inflammatory and immune-mediated diseases. Following the advent of genomic technologies and -omic research, studies based on saliva testing have rapidly increased and human salivary proteome has been partially characterized. As a proteomic protocol to analyze the whole saliva proteome is not currently available, the most common aim of the proteomic analysis is to discriminate between physiological and pathological conditions.

Patch testing of budesonide in Italy: The SIDAPA baseline series experience, 2018-2019.

Background: Budesonide was included in the European Baseline Series in 2000 as the most suitable marker forcorticosteroid hypersensitivity. In the last two decades, a decreasing trend of budesonide allergy has been observed.

Objectives: To estimate the prevalence of positive patch test reactions to budesonide in a large, Italian patch test population, characterizing patients according to MOAHLFA index and evaluating the benefit with extended readings of budesonide patch test.

Therapeutic Use of Botulinum Neurotoxins in Dermatology: Systematic Review.

Botulinum toxin is a superfamily of neurotoxins produced by the bacterium Clostridium Botulinum with well-established efficacy and safety profile in focal idiopathic hyperhidrosis. Recently, botulinum toxins have also been used in many other skin diseases, in off label regimen. The objective of this manuscript is to review and analyze the main therapeutic applications of botulinum toxins in skin diseases.

It is never too late to treat chronic spontaneous urticaria with omalizumab: Real-life data from a multicenter observational study focusing on elderly patients.

Chronic spontaneous urticaria might affect elderly patients, causing a serious impairment of their quality of life. The therapeutic management of the elderly patient is challenging; in fact, the first-line recommended therapy for symptom control are antihistamines, that may have interactions or increased risk of side effects in patients with comorbidities and poly-pharmacological regimen. Omalizumab is the first biological drug approved for chronic spontaneous urticaria resistant to antihistamines.