Immunological Enigma: A Case Report of COVID-19 Survival in a Patient With Human Immunodeficiency Virus, Hepatitis C Virus, and Tuberculosis Co-infection.

This case report aims to elucidate the unique clinical course of a 34-year-old male patient diagnosed with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), chronic hepatitis C, and prior tuberculosis (TB) infections, who subsequently contracted COVID-19. Immunological assessments revealed profound immunosuppression, marked by decreased CD4+ T cells (0.037 x 10⁹/L), alongside mildly elevated IgG levels (16.

The Serum ACE2, CTSL, AngII, and TNFα Levels after COVID-19 and mRNA Vaccines: The Molecular Basis.

Background: The SARS-CoV-2 virus as well as the COVID-19 mRNA vaccines cause an increased production of proinflammatory cytokines.

Aim: We investigated the relationship between ACE2, CTSL, AngII, TNFα and the serum levels of IL-6, IL-10, IL-33, IL-28A, CD40L, total IgM, IgG, IgA and absolute count of T- and B-lymphocytes in COVID-19 patients, vaccinees and healthy individuals.

Methods: We measured the serum levels ACE2, AngII, CTSL, TNFα and humoral biomarkers (CD40L, IL-28A, IL-10, IL-33) by the ELISA method.

Conversion and Obsessive-Phobic Symptoms Predict IL-33 and IL-28A Levels in Individuals Diagnosed with COVID-19.

The first epidemiological wave of the incidence of COVID-19 in Bulgaria was registered in June 2020. After the wave peak, we conducted a study in persons diagnosed with COVID-19 (N = 52). They were assessed with the anxiety-depressive scale (ADS), including basic (BS), vegetative (VS), conversion (CS), obsessive-phobic (OPS), and depressive (DS) symptoms.