Photodegradation, toxicity and density functional theory study of pharmaceutical metoclopramide and its photoproducts.

Pharmaceuticals as ubiquitous organic pollutants in the aquatic environment represent substances whose knowledge of environmental fate is still limited. One such compound is metoclopramide, whose direct and indirect photolysis and toxicological assessment have been studied for the first time in this study. Experiments were performed under solar radiation, showing metoclopramide as a compound that can easily degrade in different water matrices.

Effects of environmental factors on nitrofurantoin photolysis in water and its acute toxicity assessment.

Pharmaceuticals have special attention of researchers over the world due to their possible effect on the environment and humans. This paper focuses on the photolysis of nitrofurantoin in different water matrices. Nitrofurantoin photodegradation has been indicated as a pseudo-first order photoreaction.

Titania-Coated Alumina Foam Photocatalyst for Memantine Degradation Derived by Replica Method and Sol-Gel Reaction.

In the present work, alumina (AlO) foam was prepared by the replica method where a polyurethane (PU) foam (30 pores per inch (ppi)) template was impregnated with a 60 wt.% AlO suspension. Sintered AlO foam was used as substrate for the deposition of sol-gel derived titania (TiO) film using dip coating.

Fate of febantel in the aquatic environment-the role of abiotic elimination processes.

Febantel is widely used anthelmintic drug active against a range of gastrointestinal parasites in animals. Despite the fact that it has been detected in the aquatic environment, there is no information on its environmental fate. Therefore, abiotic elimination processes of febantel in the aquatic environment have been studied.

Nitrofurantoin hydrolytic degradation in the environment.

Occurrence of pharmaceuticals, especially antibiotics in the environment increased attention to their environmental fate. Hydrolysis is one of two abiotic processes by which compounds are degraded in the environment. According to authors knowledge this is the first study investigating hydrolytic degradation of nitrofurantoin at pH-values normally found in the environment.

Environmental behavior of sulfadiazine, sulfamethazine, and their metabolites.

Sulfonamides are one of the most frequently used antibiotics worldwide. Therefore, processes that determine their fate in the environment are of great interest. In the present work, biodegradation as biotic process and hydrolysis and photolysis as abiotic processes were investigated.

UV photolysis of diclofenac in water; kinetics, degradation pathway and environmental aspects.

In this study, the photolysis behavior of commonly used anti-inflammatory drug diclofenac (DCF) was investigated using UV-C and UV-A irradiation. In that purpose, DCF conversion kinetics, mineralization of organic content, biodegradability, and toxicity were monitored and compared. The results showed different kinetics of DCF conversion regarding the type of UV source applied.