[Not Available].

Gracias a los avances técnicos en técnicas neuroquirúrgicas, y debido a que el diagnóstico y la clasificación de las enfermedades psiquiátricas han evolucionado significativamente a lo largo de las últimas décadas, se están desarrollando tratamientos a nivel experimental para aquellos pacientes resistentes al manejo conservador.La anorexia nerviosa es una enfermedad de prevalencia creciente, con la tasa de mortalidad más elevada dentro de los trastornos psiquiátricos, y con aproximadamente un 20% de pacientes que presentan una evolución tórpida. Para estos pacientes que no responden a manejo conservador, la estimulación cerebral profunda ha surgido como una alternativa terapéutica, si bien la literatura especializada al respecto es escasa.

[Adverse effects of parenteral nutrition in cancer patients: systematic review].

Malnutrition in hospitals is of great concern in patients with cancer. This malnutrition in cancer leads to higher risk of complications, and worse response to treatments and outcomes. Parenteral nutrition (PN) in cancer is controversial due to the heterogeneous results found in scientific literature.

[Peripheral parenteral nutrition].

The Target of this review is to provide an up-to-date overview of the advantages and disadvantages of Peripheral Parenteral Nutrition (PPN), including techniques, indications and results. The new generation catheters, together with a better knowledge of the intermediary metabolism, give us the opportunity to use PPN in many clinical situations for short periods of time. PPN is an alternative to Total Parenteral Nutrition (TPN) and is also a complement to enteral nutrition and to the oral route.

Handgrip dynamometry in healthy adults.

Aims: To establish normal reference values for handgrip strength in healthy adult subjects using hand dynamometry.

Subjects And Methods: Descriptive study of 517 healthy volunteers (267 females and 229 males) aged 17-97 years. Grip strength was measured using two different handgrip dynamometers.

Practical aspects of peripheral parenteral nutrition.

Purpose Of Review: The purpose of this review is to provide an update on the advantages and disadvantages of using peripheral parenteral nutrition, including the techniques, indications and results.

Recent Findings: The new catheters, together with a better knowledge of intermediate metabolism, permit the use of peripheral parenteral nutrition in many clinical situations during short periods of time.

Summary: Peripheral parenteral nutrition is an alternative to total parenteral nutrition, and is a complement to enteral nutrition and the oral route.

[Home enteral nutrition. Annual report 1999. NADYA-SENPE Group].

Goal: During 1999, as in previous years, the NADYA-SENPE Group has maintained an annual register of patients with Artificial Nutrition at Home in order to keep up to date our available knowledge of this therapy. The present paper analyzes the results of the sixth National Register of patients under treatment with Enteral Nutrition at Home corresponding to 1999, produced with the co-operation of twenty-three centres in the Spanish national health network.

Material And Methods: The data were collected through a closed questionnaire included on our web site (www.

Effects of 2 lipid emulsions (LCT versus MCT/LCT) on the fatty acid composition of plasma phospholipid: a double-blind randomized trial.

Background: Fatty acids from the diet or from IV fat emulsions are incorporated into the plasma and cell membrane phospholipids and act as substrates in the synthesis of eicosanoids. This study reports the effect of 2 parenteral lipid emulsions in plasma phospholipids fatty acids.

Methods: A total of 83 patients aged 18 to 75 years were randomized to receive long-chain triglycerides (LCT) or 50/50 mix of long- and medium-chain triglyceride emulsion (LCT/MCT).

Plasma status of retinol, alpha- and gamma-tocopherols, and main carotenoids to first myocardial infarction: case control and follow-up study.

Objective: Epidemiologic studies have suggested that dietary intake and plasma concentrations of antioxidants have an inverse relation with coronary heart disease. To test whether fat-soluble antioxidants can play a role against the occurrence of myocardial infarction (MI), we measured plasma levels of retinol, tocopherols, and individual carotenoids in MI patients.

Methods: A case-control and follow-up study of patients in the Móstoles area (Madrid, Spain).

[Backache as the initial symptom of adrenomyeloneuropathy].

Introduction: Adrenoleukodystrophy is a paroxysmal disorder, with recessive linking to the X chromosome, characterized biochemically by the accumulation of extra-long-chain fatty acids. Six phenotypes are distinguished: pre-symptomatic, infantile, adolescent and adult cerebral forms, adrenomyeloneuropathy and isolated Addison's disease. We describe a patient with adrenomyeloneuropathy in whom the presenting symptom was lumbago.

[Manufacturing a double-lumen tube with simple and inexpensive materials].

Twin-channel enteral feeding catheters allow the administration of early enteral nutrition in various pathologies while avoiding the use of total parenteral nutrition. We describe how to manufacture one simply using cheap and easy-to-find materials whenever a commercial catheter of this type is unavailable.

[Estimate of osteoporosis fracture risk with ultrasound bone assessment].

Background: Multiple studies suggest that ultrasound measurement of the bone can be a rapid, cheap, and radiation-free alternative to determine the fracture risk. In this paper the ultrasound measurement of the bone was performed among 288 postmenopausal women, and the influence of gynecologic history and factors related to lifestyle on the obtained values was examined.

Patients And Methods: One hundred nineteen healthy postmenopausal women and 169 women with previous osteoporotic fractures were included in the study.

[Formulating a non-fat diet to induce essential fatty acid deficiency in rats].

Objective: To describe the manufacture of an experimental diet to cause essential fatty acids deficiencies in rats.

Material And Methods: Rats. We used Wistar rats that were given a diet consisting of skimmed milk, starch, and dextrino maltose.

[Artificial nutrition in the home. Annual information 1996.Group NADYA-SENPE].

Using a simplified questionnaire from the NADYA group, data referring to age, sex, diagnosis, access route, duration, form of administration, complications, and quality of life have been gathered from 1,400 patients (57% male, 43% female) who receive home enteral nutrition, and from 38 patients (20% male and 18% female) who receive home parenteral nutrition. All of these patients come from the 1996 national registry. The most common indication for home enteral nutrition are neoplasias (39%) followed by neurological alterations (33%).

[Plasma levels of vitamins A and E and the risk of acute myocardial infarct].

Introduction And Objective: The incidence of myocardial infarction in Spain is low in spite of the high prevalence of smoking and hypertension. Natural antioxidants as vitamin E from a diet rich in fruit, oils and vegetables may protect against the development of this disease. In this study we have examine plasma levels of vitamin A and E as risk factors in the development of myocardial infarction.

[A catalogue of fatty acids].

Fatty acids structure and function is an area of renewed interest because of its effects on plasma lipids, biosynthesis of prostaglandins, leucotrienes and thromboxanes, and the obligatory demands of some fatty acids, especially for the newborn. Fatty acids are identified in three different ways: by the classical nomenclature, by its trivial name, and by the new methods also known as the omega system. These three different methods have created some confusion.

[The effects of frying and grilling on the fat content of common foods (salmon, hake and beefsteak)].

The effects of pan frying and deep frying in olive oil on the fat content in very lean meat (fat = 4.0%), salmon (fat = 26.0%) and hake (fat = 1.

[Difficulties and problems associated with the implantation of a catheter in the subclavian (II)].

They are analyzed the problems which are present during placement of multiple-lumen subclavian catheters using the Seldinger technique, such as: the difficulty in anesthesia of the puncture area; failure in location of the vein; difficulties in advancement of the guide wire, the dilator or the catheter; catheter malposition; and accidental puncture of the subclavian artery, the pleura or the trachea; and also some potential solutions.

[The subclavian catheter in parenteral nutrition (I)].

A meticulous review is made of the subclavian multiple-lumen catheter placement method by the Seldinger technique, which is based on the experience collected over the last five years. The details concerning to the material and field preparation, the anesthesia in the puncture site, the vein puncture, and the catheter insertion and fixing, are discussed.

[The automation of the calculations in surveys of food consumption frequency].

With the aim of facilitating and reducing the cost of food consumption frequency surveys, an automated reading, codification and nutrient calculation survey has been developed. Graphite mark optical reader sheet were used, with an XR-5 Datascan reader, and C and Dbase IV programming languages to create the programs and routines for the process. Data on food composition were obtained from the main tables currently published.

[The application of impedance analysis to the study of body composition].

We have reviewed the physical theory of body composition assessment using bioelectrical impedance analysis. We discuss the measurement reproducibility, the application to the estimation of total body water, extracellular water, nutritional assessment and the measurement of total body fat. We also comment the application to the study of body composition in children, other physiological and pathological situations and the utility in epidemiological studies.

["Nutrition": a program to facilitate the calculations of the composition of menus and diets].

The methodology used to build a software program to compute the nutrient composition of menus and diets is discussed. Topics as the variability of food composition, the scarcity of local food composition data, the bias that may be incurred in nutrient data of food consumption studies are extensively discussed and also the possible solution through the software program. All of these topics must be taken into account in epidemiological studies as well as in computing diet composition.