AGREEMIP: The Analytical Greenness Assessment Tool for Molecularly Imprinted Polymers Synthesis.

Molecular imprinting technology is well established in areas where a high selectivity is required, such as catalysis, sensing, and separations/sample preparation. However, according to the Principles of Green Chemistry, it is evident that the various steps required to obtain molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs) are far from ideal. In this regard, greener alternatives to the synthesis of MIPs have been proposed in recent years.

Evaluation of deep eutectic solvents in the synthesis of molecularly imprinted fibers for the solid-phase microextraction of triazines in soil samples.

Nowadays, molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs) are well established and are considered excellent materials for performing selective extractions. However, with the progressive implementation of the principles of green chemistry, it is necessary to find greener alternatives for both the synthesis and further use of MIPs in sample preparation. Accordingly, in the present work, different deep eutectic solvents (DES, both hydrophilic and hydrophobic), as an alternative to conventional organic solvents (i.

Recent advances and future trends in molecularly imprinted polymers-based sample preparation.

Molecular imprinting technology is a well-established technique for the obtainment of tailor-made polymers, so-called molecularly imprinted polymers, with a predetermined selectivity towards a target analyte or structurally related compounds. Accordingly, molecularly imprinted polymers are considered excellent materials for sample preparation providing unprecedented selectivity to analytical methods. However, the use of molecularly imprinted polymers in sample preparation still presents some shortcomings derived from the synthesis procedure itself limiting its general applicability.

The ER Aminopeptidases, ERAP1 and ERAP2, synergize to self-modulate their respective activities.

Introduction: Critical steps in Major Histocompatibility Complex Class I (MHC-I) antigen presentation occur in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). In general, peptides that enter the ER are longer than the optimal length for MHC-I binding. The final trimming of MHC-I epitopes is performed by two related aminopeptidases, ERAP1 and ERAP2 in humans that possess unique and complementary substrate trimming specificities.

Determination of polypeptide antibiotics in animal tissues using liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry based on in-line molecularly imprinted solid-phase extraction.

Effective purification and enrichment of polypeptide antibiotics in animal tissues is always a challenge, due to the co-extraction of other endogenous peptides which usually interfere their final determination. In this study, a molecularly imprinted column was prepared by packing polymyxin E-imprinted particles into a 100 mm × 4.6 mm i.

Evaluation of 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate as comonomer in the preparation of water-compatible molecularly imprinted polymers for triazinic herbicides.

In this work, the preparation and evaluation of water-compatible molecularly imprinted polymers for triazines using 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate and methacrylic acid as comonomers is described. Four sets of molecularly imprinted and non-imprinted polymers for propazine were prepared at varying monomer molar ratios (from 4:0 to 1:3), and evaluated for the recognition of several triazines directly in aqueous media. The evaluation was performed by loading 1 mL of an aqueous solution containing 500 ng of each selected triazine, washing with 500 μL of acetonitrile, and eluting with 500 μL of methanol followed by 2 × 500 μL of a solution of methanol containing 10% of acetic acid.

Green molecularly imprinted polymers for sustainable sample preparation.

The use of molecularly imprinted polymers in sample preparation as selective sorbent materials has received great attention during the last years leading to analytical methods with unprecedented selectivity. However, with the progressive implementation of Green Analytical Chemistry principles, it is necessary to critically review the greenness of synthesis and further use of molecularly imprinted polymers in sample preparation. Accordingly, in the present review, the different steps and strategies for the preparation of molecularly imprinted polymers, the used reagents, as well as their incorporation to microextraction techniques are reviewed from a green perspective and recent alternatives to make the use of molecularly imprinted polymers more sustainable are provided.

Miniaturized analytical methods for determination of environmental contaminants of emerging concern - A review.

The determination of contaminants of emerging concern (CECs) in environmental samples has become a challenging and critical issue. The present work focuses on miniaturized analytical strategies reported in the literature for the determination of CECs. The first part of the review provides brief overview of CECs whose monitoring in environmental samples is of particular significance, namely personal care products, pharmaceuticals, endocrine disruptors, UV-filters, newly registered pesticides, illicit drugs, disinfection by-products, surfactants, high technology rare earth elements, and engineered nanomaterials.

Molecularly Imprinted Polymer-Quantum Dot Materials in Optical Sensors: An Overview of Their Synthesis and Applications.

In the last decades analytical methods have focused on the determination of target analytes at very low concentration levels. This has been accomplished through the use of traditional analytical methods that usually require high reagent consumption, expensive equipment and long pretreatment steps. Thus, there is a demand for simple, rapid, highly selective and user-friendly detection procedures.

Fluorescent carbonaceous materials isolated from cigarette ashes for the determination of iron(iii) in water samples.

In the present work, ready-to-use fluorescent carbonaceous materials (CMs) were isolated from cigarette ashes by following a simple procedure based on the dispersion of ashes in water and subsequent filtration. The isolated raw material was characterized by fluorescence microscopy, Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy, and dynamic light scattering (DLS) analysis. The isolated CMs displayed excitation-dependent fluorescence emission, which enables them to be used as a fluorescent probe.

Surface modified-magnetic nanoparticles by molecular imprinting for the dispersive solid-phase extraction of triazines from environmental waters.

Magnetic nanoparticles have been surface modified by molecular imprinting and evaluated as selective sorbents for the extraction of triazines from environmental waters. The use of propazine as template allowed us to synthesize a selective material able to simultaneously recognize and selective extract not only the template but also several other herbicides of the same family. A magnetic molecularly imprinted-based dispersive solid-phase extraction procedure was developed and fully optimized.

Synthesis of Molecularly Imprinted Polymers for the Selective Extraction of Polymyxins from Environmental Water Samples.

The authors wish to make a change to the published paper [...

Synthesis of Molecularly Imprinted Polymers for the Selective Extraction of Polymyxins from Environmental Water Samples.

The emergence of colistin resistance gen has aroused public concern. It is significant to assess the concentrations of polymyxins residues in aquatic environment since resistant bacteria carrying colistin resistance gen are frequently isolated from wastewater; surface water and ground water. However; no literature on the determination of polymyxins in water is available; probably due to the absence of an efficient extraction method.

Substantial Influence of ERAP2 on the HLA-B*40:02 Peptidome: Implications for HLA-B*27-Negative Ankylosing Spondylitis.

HLA-B*40:02 is one of a few major histocompatibility complex class I (MHC-I) molecules associated with ankylosing spondylitis (AS) independently of HLA-B*27. The endoplasmic reticulum aminopeptidase 2 (ERAP2), an enzyme that process MHC-I ligands and preferentially trims N-terminal basic residues, is also a risk factor for this disease. Like HLA-B*27 and other AS-associated MHC-I molecules, HLA-B*40:02 binds a relatively high percentage of peptides with ERAP2-susceptible residues.

Analysis of Nosiheptide in Food Animal Tissues via Its Unique Degradation Product by Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry after Alkaline Hydrolysis.

Very weak signals of fragment ions of nosiheptide could be observed using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. The preparation of 4-hydroxymethyl-3-methyl-1-indole-2-carboxylic acid (HMIA), a specific fragment of nosiheptide, by alkaline hydrolysis is described. HMIA showed a good mass spectrometric signal in negative electrospray ionization mode.

Editing the immunopeptidome of melanoma cells using a potent inhibitor of endoplasmic reticulum aminopeptidase 1 (ERAP1).

The efficacy of cancer immunotherapy, including treatment with immune-checkpoint inhibitors, often is limited by ineffective presentation of antigenic peptides that elicit T-cell-mediated anti-tumor cytotoxic responses. Manipulation of antigen presentation pathways is an emerging approach for enhancing the immunogenicity of tumors in immunotherapy settings. ER aminopeptidase 1 (ERAP1) is an intracellular enzyme that trims peptides as part of the system that generates peptides for binding to MHC class I molecules (MHC-I).

Redundancy and Complementarity between ERAP1 and ERAP2 Revealed by their Effects on the Behcet's Disease-associated HLA-B*51 Peptidome.

The endoplasmic reticulum aminopeptidases ERAP1 and ERAP2 trim peptides to be loaded onto HLA molecules, including the main risk factor for Behçet's disease HLA-B*51. ERAP1 is also a risk factor among HLA-B*51-positive individuals, whereas no association is known with ERAP2. This study addressed the mutual relationships between both enzymes in the processing of an HLA-bound peptidome, interrogating their differential association with Behçet's disease.

The application of the supported liquid membrane and molecularly imprinted polymers as solid acceptor phase for selective extraction of biochanin A from urine.

An efficient sample clean-up and preconcentration procedure for phytoestrogens analysis in urine has been developed. It was based on a combination of solid phase extraction with hollow-fiber supported liquid membrane and molecularly imprinted beads (MIPs-HF-SLM-SPE). The molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs) were synthesized by precipitation polymerization technique with biochanin A (BCA) as a template, giving narrowly dispersed microspheres with a regular shape.

Molecularly imprinted polymer-hollow fiber microextraction of hydrophilic fluoroquinolone antibiotics in environmental waters and urine samples.

In the present work, the preparation of a new selective molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP) for the family of fluoroquinolones (FQs) in the pores of polypropylene hollow fibers (HFs) is proposed. The resulting MIP-HFs, which combine solid-phase microextraction (SPME) and molecular imprinting technologies, were used to develop a selective microextraction methodology (MIP-HFM) to determine selected FQs danofloxacin, norfloxacin, enrofloxacin and ciprofloxacin in real samples of environmental and biological interest. Measurements during the optimization of the MIP-HFM and its application to the analyses of real samples were performed by HPLC-UV and HPLC-MS/MS.

Molecularly imprinted polymer monolith containing magnetic nanoparticles for the stir-bar sorptive extraction of thiabendazole and carbendazim from orange samples.

In this work, a novel molecularly imprinted stir-bar was developed for the stir-bar sorptive extraction (SBSE) of thiabendazole (TBZ) and carbendazim (CBZ) from orange samples. Magnetic nanoparticles were surface modified with oleic acid and then encapsulated by a silica shell using a conventional sol-gel procedure. Subsequently, nanoparticles were functionalized with methacrylate functionalities by grafting onto the particles surface.

Allele-specific Alterations in the Peptidome Underlie the Joint Association of HLA-A*29:02 and Endoplasmic Reticulum Aminopeptidase 2 (ERAP2) with Birdshot Chorioretinopathy.

Virtually all patients of the rare inflammatory eye disease birdshot chorioretinopathy (BSCR) carry the HLA-A*29:02 allele. BSCR is also associated with endoplasmic reticulum aminopeptidase 2 (ERAP2), an enzyme involved in processing HLA class I ligands, thus implicating the A*29:02 peptidome in this disease. To investigate the relationship between both risk factors we employed label-free quantitative mass spectrometry to characterize the effects of ERAP2 on the A*29:02-bound peptidome.

Ranking the Contribution of Ankylosing Spondylitis-associated Endoplasmic Reticulum Aminopeptidase 1 (ERAP1) Polymorphisms to Shaping the HLA-B*27 Peptidome.

The Endoplasmic reticulum aminopeptidase I (ERAP1) trims peptides to their optimal size for binding to Major Histocompatibility Complex class I proteins. The natural polymorphism of this enzyme is associated with ankylosing spondylitis (AS) in epistasis with the major risk factor for this disease, HLA-B*27, suggesting a direct relationship between AS and HLA-B*27-bound peptides. Three polymorphisms that affect peptide trimming protect from AS: K528R, D575N/R725Q, and Q730E.

Hollow fiber membrane-protected molecularly imprinted microspheres for micro solid-phase extraction and clean-up of thiabendazole in citrus samples.

In the present work, molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP) microspheres were packed in polypropylene hollow fiber (HF) segments for the micro solid-phase extraction and clean-up of thiabendazole (TBZ) in citrus samples. Experimental parameters affecting TBZ extraction were carefully optimized. Hollow fiber membrane was able to protect MIP beads from solid matrix allowing the extraction and clean-up without the inclusion of further filtration and/or centrifugation steps.

Molecularly imprinted magnetic nanoparticles for the micro solid-phase extraction of thiabendazole from citrus samples.

The preparation of molecularly imprinted core-shell magnetic nanoparticles and their subsequent use in the solid-phase extraction of thiabendazole from citrus sample extracts is described. Molecularly imprinted core-shell magnetic nanoparticles were prepared by the precipitation copolymerization of the imprinting polymerization mixture on the surface of vinyl-modified silica magnetic nanoparticles and were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy. The obtained molecularly imprinted core-shell magnetic nanoparticles exhibited a high selectivity for thiabendazole and were easily collected and separated by an external magnetic field without additional centrifugation or filtration steps.