Syntopy promotes song divergence in a Neotropical avian radiation.

Theory predicts that selection against maladaptive hybridization leads to divergence of sexual characters in co-occurring closely related species. Consequently, signal disparity should be greater between sympatric versus allopatric lineage pairs. However, this pattern may also result from species sorting or the greater evolutionary age of sympatric pairs.

Chrononutrition in Chronic Kidney Disease.

Chrononutrition, the study of the interaction between biological rhythms and nutrition, has emerged as a promising field for addressing metabolic health. However, its role in chronic kidney disease (CKD) remains underexplored. CKD patients often experience circadian disruptions due to renal, metabolic, treatment-related, and lifestyle factors, which may influence their nutritional status and clinical outcomes.

Homemade formulas for nutrition support in chronic kidney disease: A narrative review of the opportunity for education, research, and innovation.

Protein-energy wasting is common in people with chronic kidney disease (CKD), especially in those undergoing kidney replacement therapy. Oral nutrition supplements and enteral nutrition are strategies that have been shown to improve nutrition status, and potentially outcomes. However, access to specialized commercial products for people with CKD is limited by factors including cost and regional availability.

Barriers and Facilitators to Adherence to a Healthy Diet Across the Spectrum of Chronic Kidney Disease.

Purpose: A healthy diet plays an important role for chronic kidney disease (CKD) treatment, but adherence to nutritional recommendations is frequently low. The aim of the present study was to describe barriers and facilitators to adherence to a healthy diet in people with CKD.

Patients And Methods: Cross-sectional study; 80 predialysis (n=20), hemodialysis (n=20), peritoneal dialysis (n=20) and transplant (n=20) patients matched by age and sex, were included.

Further Characterization of Lipase B from Ustilago maydis Expressed in Pichia pastoris: a Member of the Candida antarctica Lipase B-like Superfamily.

Lipases from the basidiomycete fungus Ustilago maydis are promising but underexplored biocatalysts due to their high homology with Candida antarctica lipases. This study provides a comprehensive characterization of a recombinant CALB-like lipase from U. maydis, expressed in Pichia pastoris (rUMLB), and compares its properties with those of the well-studied recombinant lipase B from C.

A maternal low-protein diet results in sex-specific differences in synaptophysin expression and milk fatty acid profiles in neonatal rats.

The developmental origins of health and disease hypothesis have highlighted the link between early life environment and long-term health outcomes in offspring. For example, maternal protein restriction during pregnancy and lactation can result in adverse metabolic and cognitive outcomes in offspring postnatal. Hence, in the present study, we assess whether an isocaloric low-protein diet (ILPD) affects the fatty acid profile in breast milk, the hippocampal synaptophysin (Syn) ratio, and the oxidative stress markers in the neonatal stage of male and female offspring.

Pica is associated with lower willingness to change negative habits of diet and exercise, inadequate lifestyle, and less healthful food consumption in dialysis.

Background: In dialysis patients, on the one hand unwillingness to change negative lifestyle patterns is associated with worse nutritional status and unhealthy lifestyle, whereas on the other, pica may be highly prevalent. However, it is not known whether pica is associated with unwillingness to change negative lifestyle behaviors, as well as with consumption of different types of foods. This study aimed to investigate this issue.

Gut Microbiome Is Related to Cognitive Impairment in Peritoneal Dialysis Patients.

Gut microbiota disturbances may influence cognitive function, increasing uremic toxins and inflammation in dialysis patients; therefore, we aimed to evaluate the association of the gut microbiota profile with cognitive impairment (CI) in patients on automated peritoneal dialysis (APD). In a cross-sectional study, cognitive function was evaluated using the Montreal Cognitive Assessment in 39 APD patients and classified as normal cognitive function and CI. The gut microbiota was analyzed using the 16S rRNA gene sequencing approach.

American society for metabolic and bariatric surgery: intra-operative care pathway for minimally invasive Roux-en-Y gastric bypass.

Background: Clinical care pathways help guide and provide structure to clinicians and providers to improve healthcare delivery and quality. The Quality Improvement and Patient Safety Committee (QIPS) of the American Society for Metabolic and Bariatric Surgery (ASMBS) has previously published care pathways for the performance of laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy (LSG) and pre-operative care of patients undergoing Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB).

Objective: This current RYGB care pathway was created to address intraoperative care, defined as care occurring on the day of surgery from the preoperative holding area, through the operating room, and into the postanesthesia care unit (PACU).

Characterization of Polylactic Acid Biocomposites Filled with Native Starch Granules from Tubers.

Biocomposites were fabricated utilizing polylactic acid (PLA) combined with native starch sourced from mountain's yam ( Knuth), an underexplored tuber variety. Different starch compositions (7.5, 15.

Awake brain mapping paradigms for nondominant hemisphere gliomas.

Objective: Traditionally, resection of nondominant hemisphere brain tumors was performed under general anesthesia. An improved understanding of right-lateralized neural networks has led to a paradigm shift in recent decades, where the right or nondominant hemisphere is no longer perceived as "functionally silent." There is an increasing interest in awake brain mapping for nondominant hemisphere resections.

Sex, but not juvenile stress, affects reversal learning and DRL performance following cocaine administration.

Introduction: Early adversity, impulsivity and sex all contribute to the risk of developing substance use disorder. Using rats, we examined how juvenile stress interacts with sex and cocaine to affect performance on a serial reversal task and a differential reinforcement of low rates 10 s (DRL10) task. The expression of dopamine-related proteins in several brain areas was also assessed.

Moderate physical activity is associated with lower depression, anxiety and stress in health-care workers during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Objective: Health-care workers are in high risk for COVID-19 and may experience associated mental health disturbances. Although physical activity (PA) has positive effects on mental disturbances, it has not been fully investigated in health-team during COVID-19 pandemic. Therefore, we analyzed depression, anxiety and stress in health-care workers, and their relationship with PA before and during a COVID-19 peak.

Effects of kosmotropic, chaotropic, and neutral salts on Candida antarctica B lipase: An analysis of the secondary structure and its hydrolytic activity on triglycerides.

The effects of different concentrations of Hofmeister salts on the hydrolytic activity on triglycerides and the secondary structure of lipase B from Candida antarctica (CALB) were investigated. Structural changes after short- and long-time incubation at high salt concentrations were determined using circular dichroism (CD), fluorescence, and RMSD-RMSF simulations. At 5.

All Hands on Deck: We Need Multiple Approaches To Uncover the Neuroscience behind the Opioid Overdose Crisis.

Opioid use disorder (OUD) affects millions of people throughout the United States, yet there are only three Food and Drug Administration-approved pharmacological treatments. Though these treatments have been shown to be effective, the number of overdose deaths continues to rise. The increase of fentanyl, fentanyl analogs, and adulterants in the illicit drug supply has further complicated treatment strategies.

Overview of physiological, biochemical, and regulatory aspects of nitrogen fixation in .

Understanding how Nature accomplishes the reduction of inert nitrogen gas to form metabolically tractable ammonia at ambient temperature and pressure has challenged scientists for more than a century. Such an understanding is a key aspect toward accomplishing the transfer of the genetic determinants of biological nitrogen fixation to crop plants as well as for the development of improved synthetic catalysts based on the biological mechanism. Over the past 30 years, the free-living nitrogen-fixing bacterium emerged as a preferred model organism for mechanistic, structural, genetic, and physiological studies aimed at understanding biological nitrogen fixation.

New Insights into the Antioxidant Routes and Osteogenic Properties of Sr/Zn Phytate Compounds.

Sr/Zn phytate compounds have been shown interest in biomaterial science, specifically in dental implantology, due to their antimicrobial effects against and their capacity to form bioactive coatings. Phytic acid is a natural chelating compound that shows antioxidant and osteogenic properties that can play an important role in bone remodelling processes affected by oxidative stress environments, such as those produced during infections. The application of non-protein cell-signalling molecules that regulate both bone and ROS homeostasis is a promising strategy for the regeneration of bone tissues affected by oxidative stress processes.

Gut microbiota disturbances and protein-energy wasting in chronic kidney disease: a narrative review.

Protein-energy wasting (PEW) is common in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) and is associated with increased morbidity and mortality, and lower quality of life. It is a complex syndrome, in which inflammation and retention of uremic toxins are two main factors. Causes of inflammation and uremic toxin retention in CKD are multiple; however, gut dysbiosis plays an important role, serving as a link between those entities and PEW.

A study on Sr/Zn phytate complexes: structural properties and antimicrobial synergistic effects against Streptococcus mutans.

Phytic acid (PA) is an abundant natural plant component that exhibits a versatility of applications benefited from its chemical structure, standing out its use as food, packing and dental additive due to its antimicrobial properties. The capacity of PA to chelate ions is also well-established and the formation and thermodynamic properties of different metallic complexes has been described. However, research studies of these compounds in terms of chemistry and biological features are still demanded in order to extend the application scope of PA complexes.

Leucism: the prevalent congenital malformation in the olive ridley sea turtle of northwestern Mexico.

Despite being the most abundant sea turtle in the world, the olive ridley turtle Lepidochelys olivacea is classified as Vulnerable by the IUCN. There is evidence of congenital malformations in hatchlings, and the associated causes are multifactorial, with both genetic and environmental sources. Santuario Playa Ceuta (SPC) is a sanctuary for the olive ridley, located at the northernmost region of its nesting range in the Mexican Pacific.

Randomized, double-blinded, controlled clinical trial of the effect of captopril, telmisartan and their combination on systemic inflammation of patients on hemodialysis.

To evaluate individual and combined effect of captopril and telmisartan on systemic inflammation markers of hemodialysis (HD) patients. Randomized, double-blinded, controlled clinical trial. Patients on HD at least 2 months, with arteriovenous fistula, were randomly allocated to groups: (1) captopril/placebo (N 13); (2) telmisartan/placebo (N 13); (3) captopril + telmisartan (N 12); or (4) placebo/placebo (N 12).