Introducing a classification framework to urban waste policy: Analysis of sixteen zero-waste cities in China.

Chinese cities are experiencing rapid urban development while facing severe challenges of environmental pollution. China's central government has proposed several policies to reduce urban waste. However, little is known about the adoption of these policies.

Bibliometric dataset (1990-2019) concerning 35 city labels dealing with sustainable urbanism.

This data article presents a tripartite dataset that formed the empirical basis for a comprehensive bibliometric analysis of the use of city labels denoting sustainable urbanism in the scientific literature (Schraven, 2021). The tripartite dataset was generated using the abstract and citation database Scopus (Elsevier). Dataset A lists 148 city labels denoting different approaches to urban planning and development.

National Protocol for Model-Based Selection for Proton Therapy in Head and Neck Cancer.

In the Netherlands, the model-based approach is used to identify patients with head and neck cancer who may benefit most from proton therapy in terms of prevention of late radiation-induced side effects in comparison with photon therapy. To this purpose, a National Indication Protocol Proton therapy for Head and Neck Cancer patients (NIPP-HNC) was developed, which has been approved by the health care authorities. When patients qualify according to the guidelines of the NIPP-HNC, proton therapy is fully reimbursed.

Toward a Commonly Shared Public Policy Perspective for Analyzing Risk Coping Strategies.

The concept of risk has received scholarly attention from a variety of angles in the social, technical, and natural sciences. However, public policy scholars have not yet generated a comprehensive overview, shared understanding and conceptual framework of the main problem-solving approaches applied by governments in coping with risks. In this regard, our main aim is to examine existing perspectives on prevailing risk coping strategies, find a common denominator among them and contribute to current policy and risk science literature through providing a conceptual framework that systematically spans the spectrum of risk coping strategies and incorporates the essence of the most relevant insights.

A national study to assess outcomes of definitive chemoradiation regimens in proximal esophageal cancer.

Proximal esophageal cancer (EC) is commonly treated with definitive chemoradiation (CRT). The radiation dose and type of chemotherapy backbone are still under debate. The objective of this study was to compare the treatment outcomes of contemporary CRT regimens.

Quality of life and voice outcome of patients treated with transoral CO laser microsurgery for early glottic carcinoma (T1-T2): a 2-year follow-up study.

Purpose: Longitudinal studies in laryngeal cancer can provide clinicians information about short-term and long-term functional outcomes, like quality of life (QoL) and voice outcome. This information is important when counseling patients or choosing a primary treatment modality. The present study assessed long-term (2 years) QoL and voice outcome in patients with extended T1 and limited T2 glottic carcinoma treated with transoral CO laser microsurgery (TLM) (unilateral type III or bilateral type II resections).

Treatment Preferences in Patients With Early Glottic Cancer.

Objective: For early glottic carcinoma, the 2 main treatment modalities are radiotherapy (RT) and transoral CO laser microsurgery (TLM). The aim of this study was to investigate treatment preferences and considerations in patients with early glottic carcinoma (T1-T2) who were given a choice between TLM and RT.

Subjects And Methods: Patients with early glottic cancer (suspected or confirmed extended T1 or limited T2) were counseled by an ENT-surgeon.

The impact of treatment accuracy on proton therapy patient selection for oropharyngeal cancer patients.

Background And Purpose: The impact of treatment accuracy on NTCP-based patient selection for proton therapy is currently unknown. This study investigates this impact for oropharyngeal cancer patients.

Materials And Methods: Data of 78 patients was used to automatically generate treatment plans for a simultaneously integrated boost prescribing 70 Gy/54.

Impact of model and dose uncertainty on model-based selection of oropharyngeal cancer patients for proton therapy.

Background: Proton therapy is becoming increasingly available, so it is important to apply objective and individualized patient selection to identify those who are expected to benefit most from proton therapy compared to conventional intensity modulated radiation therapy (IMRT). Comparative treatment planning using normal tissue complication probability (NTCP) evaluation has recently been proposed. This work investigates the impact of NTCP model and dose uncertainties on model-based patient selection.

Quality-of-life after radiotherapy for advanced laryngeal cancer: Results of a phase III trial of the Dutch Head and Neck Society.

Background/purpose: To report on health-related quality-of-life (HRQoL) of patients with laryngeal cancer, treated in a randomized trial comparing accelerated radiotherapy with carbogen and nicotinamide (ARCON) against accelerated radiotherapy alone (AR).

Material/methods: HRQoL was assessed using the HRQoL Questionnaire-C30 (QLQ-C30) and the Head & Neck cancer module (QLQ-H&N35) at baseline, at completion of radiotherapy and at 6, 12, and 24months post-baseline.

Results: From 269/345 patients (AR: 136/174; ARCON: 133/171) data on HRQoL were available for analysis.

Increased Thyroxin During Therapeutic Hypothermia Predicts Death in Comatose Patients After Cardiac Arrest.

Background: The course and prognostic value of pituitary-thyroid axis hormones is not well studied after cardiac arrest. We aimed to study the prognostic role of the pituitary-thyroid axis response to resuscitation from cardiac arrest before, during and after therapeutic hypothermia.

Methods: We conducted a retrospective cohort study in consecutive comatose patients after out-of-hospital cardiac arrest who were sampled before, during and up to 48 h after a 24-h period of therapeutic hypothermia in the intensive care unit (ICU).

Computed tomography-based tumour volume as a predictor of outcome in laryngeal cancer: results of the phase 3 ARCON trial.

Purpose: Retrospective studies indicate that larger tumour volume is a strong prognostic indicator for poor tumour control after (chemo)radiotherapy for laryngeal cancer. The impact of tumour volume on the outcome of patients treated within a prospective study comparing accelerated radiotherapy (AR)±carbogen breathing and nicotinamide (ARCON) was investigated.

Methods And Materials: Of 345 patients with cT2-4 laryngeal cancer, pre-treatment computed tomography (CT) scans of 270 patients were available for tumour volume calculation.

Epidermal growth factor receptor expression in laryngeal cancer predicts the effect of hypoxia modification as an additive to accelerated radiotherapy in a randomised controlled trial.

Accelerated radiotherapy (AR) improves the poor prognosis associated with epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) overexpression frequently seen in head and neck carcinomas. Combining AR with carbogen and nicotinamide (ARCON) counteracts enhanced tumour cell proliferation- and hypoxia-related radioresistance. The purpose of this study was to investigate if EGFR expression levels are associated with response to ARCON in patients with carcinoma of the larynx.

Implementing evidence-based policy in a network setting: road safety policy in the Netherlands.

In the early 1990s, in order to improve road safety in The Netherlands, the Institute for Road Safety Research (SWOV) developed an evidence-based "Sustainable Safety" concept. Based on this concept, Dutch road safety policy, was seen as successful and as a best practice in Europe. In The Netherlands, the policy context has now changed from a sectoral policy setting towards a fragmented network in which safety is a facet of other transport-related policies.

Applying policy network theory to policy-making in China: the case of urban health insurance reform.

In this article, we explore whether policy network theory can be applied in the People's Republic of China (PRC). We carried out a literature review of how this approach has already been dealt with in the Chinese policy sciences thus far. We then present the key concepts and research approach in policy networks theory in the Western literature and try these on a Chinese case to see the fit.

Ipsilateral irradiation for oral and oropharyngeal carcinoma treated with primary surgery and postoperative radiotherapy.

Purpose: The purpose was to evaluate the contralateral nodal control (CLNC) in postoperative patients with oral and oropharyngeal cancer treated with ipsilateral irradiation of the neck and primary site. Late radiation-induced morbidity was also evaluated.

Methods And Materials: The study included 123 patients with well-lateralized squamous cell carcinomas treated with surgery and unilateral postoperative irradiation.

A dose-finding study of methylene blue to inhibit nitric oxide actions in the hemodynamics of human septic shock.

Methylene blue increases blood pressure and myocardial function in septic shock mainly by inhibiting nitric oxide (NO) actions. However, a dose-dependency of methylene blue has not been established. Therefore, the compound is currently used as rescue treatment only.

The pituitary-adrenal axis is activated more in non-survivors than in survivors of cardiac arrest, irrespective of therapeutic hypothermia.

Objective: To investigate the effect of therapeutic hypothermia in the prognostic value of the pituitary-adrenal axis in comatose patients after cardiac arrest.

Design: Prospective observational study in intensive care units (ICU) of a university and an affiliated regional hospital.

Patients: Twenty-nine consecutive patients, in coma after cardiac arrest, admitted to the ICU and treated by hypothermia.

Advantages and possibilities of solid recovered fuel cocombustion in the European energy sector.

The 1999/31 Elemental Carbon Directive sets strict rules on the disposal of untreated municipal solid waste in the European Union countries and forces a reduction of the biodegradable quantities disposed off to landfills up to 35% of the amount produced in 1995 in the coming decade. More environmentally friendly waste management options shall be promoted under the framework of the Community Waste Strategy ([96] 399 Final). In this context, the production and thermal use of solid recovered fuels (SRFs), derived from nonhazardous bioresidues and mixed- and mono-waste streams, could be a key element in a future waste management system.

Multicenter validation of recursive partitioning analysis classification for patients with squamous cell head and neck carcinoma treated with surgery and postoperative radiotherapy.

Purpose: To validate the recursive partitioning analysis (RPA) classification system for squamous cell head and neck cancer as recently reported by the VU University Medical Center.

Methods And Materials: In eight Dutch head and neck cancer centers, data necessary to classify patients according to the RPA system were retrospectively collected from the charts of a group of 780 patients treated between 1989 and 2003. The patients in this validation group were classified according to the RPA classification system.