Biomarkers.

Background: Accelerated aging is strongly linked to adverse social exposome and accelerated aging of the brain may be a dementia risk factor. Machine-learning can estimate the biological "brain age" from neuroimages, which provides complementary information to the chronological/calendar age. The difference between biological and chronological age is referred to as the "brain age gap.

Prevalence of diabetes among Indigenous women in Guatemala: a retrospective chart review.

Objective: The objective of this study is to investigate the prevalence of diabetes in a clinical population of primarily Indigenous women in Guatemala.

Results: In a retrospective chart review of a clinical program serving 13,643 primarily Indigenous women in Guatemala, crude diabetes prevalence was 8.3% (95% Confidence Interval [CI]: 7.

Controlling the hospital aquatic reservoir of multidrug-resistant organisms: a cross-sectional study followed by a nested randomized trial of sink decontamination.

Objectives: The hospital water environment is an important reservoir of multidrug-resistant organisms (MDROs) and presents a risk for patient safety. We assessed the effectiveness of thermal and chemical interventions on sinks contaminated with MDRO in the hospital setting.

Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional assessment of MDRO contamination of sinks and toilets in 26 clinical wards of a tertiary care hospital.

Case report: Chronic meningitis: a rare entity diagnosed by metagenomic next-generation sequencing.

The aetiology of chronic aseptic meningitis is difficult to establish. meningitis in particular is often diagnosed late, as cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) work-up and imaging findings are nonspecific. A 35-year-old patient with chronic aseptic meningitis, for which repeated microbiological testing of CSF was unrevealing, was finally diagnosed with meningitis with cauda equina involvement using metagenomic next-generation sequencing (mNGS).

Empowering Voices: Inspiring Women in Medicinal Chemistry.

As we celebrate International Women's Day 2024 with the theme "Inspire Inclusion", the women of the ACS Medicinal Chemistry Division (MEDI) want to foster a sense of belonging, relevance, and empowerment by sharing uplifting stories of what inspired them to become medicinal chemists. In this editorial, we are featuring female medicinal chemistry scientists to provide role models, encouragement, and inspiration to others. We asked women medicinal chemists to contribute a brief paragraph about what inspired them to become medicinal chemists or what inspires them today as medicinal chemists.

Empowering Voices: Inspiring Women in Medicinal Chemistry.

As we celebrate International Women's Day 2024 with the theme "Inspire Inclusion", the women of the ACS Medicinal Chemistry Division (MEDI) want to foster a sense of belonging, relevance, and empowerment by sharing uplifting stories of what inspired them to become medicinal chemists. In this editorial, we are featuring female medicinal chemistry scientists to provide role models, encouragement, and inspiration to others. We asked women medicinal chemists to contribute a brief paragraph about what inspired them to become medicinal chemists or what inspires them today as medicinal chemists.

Prevalence of diabetes among Indigenous women in Guatemala: A retrospective chart review study of 13 643 patients between 2015-2022.

There are limited data on diabetes among Indigenous populations in Guatemala. In a retrospective chart review of a clinical program serving more than 13 000 primarily Indigenous women in Guatemala, age-adjusted diabetes prevalence was 7.9% (95% CI: 7.

Cross-sex cecal microbiota transfer alters depressive-like behaviours in mice.

Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a leading cause of non-fatal global disease burden, with females being two-fold more likely than males to be diagnosed with the disorder. Despite this sex-linked disparity of diagnosis, it is unclear what underlies the sex bias in MDD. Recent findings suggest a role for the gut in mediating affective disorders through the gut-brain-axis (GBA).

Locus coeruleus inhibition of vibrissal responses in the trigeminal subnucleus caudalis are reduced in a diabetic mouse model.

Diabetic neuropathy is the loss of sensory function beginning distally in the lower extremities, which is also characterized by pain and substantial morbidity. Furthermore, the locus coeruleus (LC) nucleus has been proposed to play an important role in descending pain control through the activation of α2-noradrenergic (NA) receptors in the spinal dorsal horn. We studied, on control and diabetic mice, the effect of electrical stimulation of the LC nucleus on the tactile responses in the caudalis division of the spinal trigeminal nucleus (Sp5C), which is involved in the relay of orofacial nociceptive information.

Medical examiner response to the drug overdose epidemic in King County Washington: "Real-time" surveillance, data science, and applied forensic epidemiology.

As the overdose epidemic overwhelmed medicolegal death investigation offices and toxicology laboratories, the King County Medical Examiner's Office responded with "real-time" fatal overdose surveillance to expedite death certification and information dissemination through assembling a team including a dedicated medicolegal death investigator, an information coordinator, and student interns. In-house testing of blood, urine, and drug evidence from scenes was performed using equipment and supplies purchased for surveillance. Collaboration with state laboratories allowed validation.

Long-term effects of restriction of intravenous fluid in adult ICU patients with septic shock.

Purpose: To assess long-term outcomes of restrictive versus standard intravenous (IV) fluid therapy in adult intensive care unit (ICU) patients with septic shock included in the European Conservative versus Liberal Approach to Fluid Therapy in Septic Shock in Intensive Care (CLASSIC) trial.

Methods: We conducted the pre-planned analyses of mortality, health-related quality of life (HRQoL) using EuroQol (EQ)-5D-5L index values and EQ visual analogue scale (VAS), and cognitive function using Mini Montreal Cognitive Assessment (Mini MoCA) test at 1 year. Deceased patients were assigned numerical zero for HRQoL as a state equal to death and zero for cognitive function outcomes as worst possible score, and we used multiple imputation for missing data on HRQoL and cognitive function.

Antibiotic-induced socio-sexual behavioral deficits are reversed via cecal microbiota transplantation but not androgen treatment.

Recent evidence has demonstrated a sex-specific role of the gut microbiome on social behavior such as anxiety, possibly driven by a reciprocal relationship between the gut microbiome and gonadal hormones. For instance, gonadal hormones drive sex differences in gut microbiota composition, and certain gut bacteria can produce androgens from glucocorticoids. We thus asked whether the gut microbiome can influence androgen-dependent socio-sexual behaviors.

The genetic landscape and clinical spectrum of nephronophthisis and related ciliopathies.

Nephronophthisis (NPH) is an autosomal-recessive ciliopathy representing one of the most frequent causes of kidney failure in childhood characterized by a broad clinical and genetic heterogeneity. Applied to one of the worldwide largest cohorts of patients with NPH, genetic analysis encompassing targeted and whole exome sequencing identified disease-causing variants in 600 patients from 496 families with a detection rate of 71%. Of 788 pathogenic variants, 40 known ciliopathy genes were identified.

Persistence of SARS-CoV-2 RNA shedding and infectivity in immunized population: Prospective study along different epidemiological periods in Argentina.

During the pandemic of COVID-19, numerous waves of infections affected the two hemispheres with different impacts on each country. Throughout these waves, and with the emergence of new variants, health systems and scientists have tried to provide real-time responses to the complex biology of SARS-CoV-2, dealing with different clinical presentations, biological characteristics, and clinical impact of these variants. In this context, knowing the extent period in which an infected individual releases infectious viral particles has important implications for public health.

Novel targeted inhibition of the IL-5 axis for drug reaction with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms syndrome.

Background: The drug reaction with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms (DRESS) syndrome represents a severe hypersensitivity reaction. Up-to-date treatment is based on withdrawal of medication, supportive care, and immunosuppression using high-dose corticosteroid (CS) therapy. However, evidence-based data are lacking regarding second-line therapy for steroid-resistant or steroid-dependent patients.

[Design, implementation and evaluation of a service for Medication compliance aids (MCAs) in an institutional Pharmacy in the city of Córdoba].

Introduction: The Pharmaceutical Service (PS) for the provision of Medication compliance aids (MCAs) consists of reconditioning and unifying, in a protocolized manner and in multi-compartment devices, the medications used by a patient, ordering them according to their dosage guideline. The objective was to design, implement and evaluate an PS of MCAs in an institutional pharmacy in the city of Córdoba.

Methods: Observational, descriptive and longitudinal study.

Successful Pregnancy and Cancer Outcomes With Ipilimumab and Nivolumab for Metastatic Renal Cell Carcinoma: Case Report and Review of the Literature.

Pregnancy and cancer share CTLA-4 and PD-1/PD-L1 as some of the immunomodulatory pathways that reshape the immune system from a destructive response to a state of tolerance to the fetus and the tumor, respectively. Ipilimumab (anti-CTLA-4 inhibitor) and nivolumab (anti-PD-1 inhibitor) are used in combination for the treatment of metastatic renal cell carcinoma, and their use could theoretically result in an immune response against the fetus. Furthermore, these immune checkpoint inhibitors are immunoglobulin G antibodies that transfer from the mother to the fetus and may cause a direct toxicity.

[Lyme Disease - Epidemiology and Pathophysiology].

Lyme Disease - Epidemiology and Pathophysiology Lyme disease is a zoonosis caused by the spirochete and its genospecies. Its distribution includes Europe and some parts of North America. The dominant vector in Europe is the tick Its three developmental stages (larvae, nymph, adult) take blood meals from small rodents, birds, and deer, some of which may also host .

An Analysis of Factors Predicting Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder and Grief Following Comrade Loss.

This study explored how "inhibiting factors" associated with military-bereavement impact combatants' psychological sequelae following comrade loss. One hundred six eligible Israeli combat male-soldiers completed the Texas-Revised-Inventory of Grief, the post-traumatic-stress-disorder symptoms scale (PSS), the Male Role Norms Scale, the Social Acknowledgment Questionnaire, and a scale assessing Military Encouragement to Grieve (MEG-8). Time since loss had no impact on soldiers' levels of PSS or prolonged grief.

Restriction of Intravenous Fluid in ICU Patients with Septic Shock.

Background: Intravenous fluids are recommended for the treatment of patients who are in septic shock, but higher fluid volumes have been associated with harm in patients who are in the intensive care unit (ICU).

Methods: In this international, randomized trial, we assigned patients with septic shock in the ICU who had received at least 1 liter of intravenous fluid to receive restricted intravenous fluid or standard intravenous fluid therapy; patients were included if the onset of shock had been within 12 hours before screening. The primary outcome was death from any cause within 90 days after randomization.

High-performance superconducting quantum processors via laser annealing of transmon qubits.

Scaling the number of qubits while maintaining high-fidelity quantum gates remains a key challenge for quantum computing. Presently, superconducting quantum processors with >50 qubits are actively available. For these systems, fixed-frequency transmons are attractive because of their long coherence and noise immunity.

Challenges in the transition from resident to attending physician in general internal medicine: a multicenter qualitative study.

Background: The attending physician in general internal medicine (GIM) guarantees comprehensive care for persons with complex and/or multiple diseases. Attendings from other medical specialties often report that transitioning from resident to attending is burdensome and stressful. We set out to identify the specific challenges of newly appointed attendings in GIM and identify measures that help residents better prepare to meet these challenges.

Metabolomics and biochemical alterations caused by pleiotrophin in the 6-hydroxydopamine mouse model of Parkinson's disease.

Pleiotrophin (PTN) is a cytokine involved in nerve tissue repair processes, neuroinflammation and neuronal survival. PTN expression levels are upregulated in the nigrostriatal pathway of Parkinson's Disease (PD) patients. We aimed to characterize the dopaminergic injury and glial responses in the nigrostriatal pathway of mice with transgenic Ptn overexpression in the brain (Ptn-Tg) after intrastriatal injection of the catecholaminergic toxic 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) at a low dose (5 µg).

Moving from adaptation capacities to implementing adaptation to extreme heat events in urban areas of the European Union: Introducing the U-ADAPT! research approach.

Extreme Heat Events (EHE) are a major concern for many urban areas worldwide and are considered as one of the deadliest natural hazards globally. Climate change and socioeconomic trends (exposure and susceptibility) are expected to exacerbate the risk of urban heat stress. Several urban areas have recently declared a climate emergency and initiated the adaptation process, but progress is still patchy, uncoordinated, and of varied quality.