Immobilization during anesthesia for vitrectomy using a laryngeal mask without neuromuscular blockade versus endotracheal intubation and neuromuscular blockade.

Background: For intraocular surgery, most authors recommend general anesthesia including intubation and neuromuscular blockade to avoid complications by patient movements. However, anesthesia using a laryngeal mask and avoidance of muscle relaxants is common clinical practice. Purpose of this prospective observational study was to compare the incidence of eye movement and deviation of the eye axis during general anesthesia adjusted to minimal alveolar concentration (MAC) for pars plana-vitrectomy (PPV) using a laryngeal mask without neuromuscular blockade (LM) versus endotracheal intubation and neuromuscular blockade (INT).

Melatonin pretreatment improves gastric mucosal blood flow and maintains intestinal barrier function during hemorrhagic shock in dogs.

Objective: Melatonin improves hepatic perfusion after hemorrhagic shock and may reduce stress-induced gastric lesions. This study was designed to investigate whether pretreatment with melatonin may influence gastric mucosal microcirculatory perfusion (μflow), oxygenation (μHbO ), or intestinal barrier function during physiological and hemorrhagic conditions in dogs.

Methods: In a randomized crossover study, five anesthetized foxhounds received melatonin 100 μg kg or vehicle (ethanol 5%) intravenously in the absence or presence of hemorrhagic shock (60 minutes, -20% blood volume).