Exploring the interplay of clinical reasoning and artificial intelligence in psychiatry: Current insights and future directions.

For many years, it has been widely accepted in the psychiatric field that clinical practice cannot be reduced to finely tuned statistical prediction systems utilizing diverse clinical data. Clinicians are recognized for their unique and irreplaceable roles. In this brief historical overview, viewed through the lens of artificial intelligence (AI), we propose that comprehending the reasoning behind AI can enhance our understanding of clinical reasoning.

Fe dissolution in Fe-N-C electrocatalysts during acidic oxygen reduction: impact of local pH change.

Atomic Fe in N-doped C (Fe-N-C) catalysts provide the most promising non-precious metal O reduction activity at the cathodes of proton exchange membrane fuel cells. However, one of the biggest remaining challenges to address towards their implementation in fuel cells is their limited durability. Fe demetallation has been suggested as the primary initial degradation mechanism.

Prediction of Surface Segregation of Fluorinated Additives from Measurement of Wettability Properties of Polymer-Based Blends.

The aim of this work is to describe the segregation phenomenon of random perfluorinated copolymers toward the surface of a polystyrene (PS) matrix. Three random perfluorinated copolymers, named POISE-a (Polymer prOcessing Interface StabilizEr), synthesized with different amounts of chemically bound fluorine, were mixed with a commercial PS matrix by a solvent casting process. Their effect on the wettability properties of PS as a function of their concentration was measured first under static conditions with different liquids (water, formamide, diethylene glycol) and then under dynamic conditions with water.

Hybrid FFF/CNC: An open source hardware & software system.

This paper presents a low-cost milling system composed of spindle mountable on a multi tool 3D printer equipped with maxwell kinematic coupling (E3D "ToolChanger" in this article) as well as two open-source software solutions for implementing a hybrid FFF/CNC manufacturing process. The first solution is the use of a traditional CAM software (FreeCad) for machining programming through the development of a dedicated post-processor. The second is an automatic layer-by-layer hybridization enabled by the software "SuperSlicer".

Motor disorders related to oxaliplatin-induced peripheral neuropathy: long-term severity and impact on quality of life.

Purpose: Sensory chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy (CIPN) is well-recognized, but motor CIPN remains understudied. This secondary analysis focused on the long-term severity and impact of motor disorders, their relation to sensory CIPN, neuropathic pain, psychological distress, and health-related quality of life (HRQoL) after oxaliplatin-based chemotherapy in colorectal cancer (CRC) survivors.

Methods: Data from a multicenter, cross-sectional study were re-analyzed to explore motor CIPN among CRC survivors up to 5 years post-chemotherapy, with no longitudinal follow-up.

Intramuscular Botulinum Neurotoxin Serotypes E and A Elicit Distinct Effects on SNAP25 Protein Fragments, Muscular Histology, Spread and Neuronal Transport: An Integrated Histology-Based Study in the Rat.

Botulinum neurotoxins E (BoNT/E) and A (BoNT/A) act by cleaving Synaptosome-Associated Protein 25 (SNAP25) at two different C-terminal sites, but they display very distinct durations of action, BoNT/E being short acting and BoNT/A long acting. We investigated the duration of action, spread and neuronal transport of BoNT/E (6.5 ng/kg) and BoNT/A (125 pg/kg) after single intramuscular administrations of high equivalent efficacious doses, in rats, over a 30- or 75-day periods, respectively.

Functional and structural characterization of an IclR family transcription factor for the development of dicarboxylic acid biosensors.

Prokaryotic transcription factors (TFs) regulate gene expression in response to small molecules, thus representing promising candidates as versatile small molecule-detecting biosensors valuable for synthetic biology applications. The engineering of such biosensors requires thorough in vitro and in vivo characterization of TF ligand response as well as detailed molecular structure information. In this work, we functionally and structurally characterize the Pca regulon regulatory protein (PcaR) transcription factor belonging to the IclR transcription factor family.

Endogenous tagging using split mNeonGreen in human iPSCs for live imaging studies.

Endogenous tags have become invaluable tools to visualize and study native proteins in live cells. However, generating human cell lines carrying endogenous tags is difficult due to the low efficiency of homology-directed repair. Recently, an engineered split mNeonGreen protein was used to generate a large-scale endogenous tag library in HEK293 cells.

Symptom content analysis of OSA questionnaires: time to identify and improve relevance of diversity of OSA symptoms?

Study Objectives: Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a heterogeneous condition covering many clinical phenotypes in terms of the diversity of symptoms. Patient-based OSA screening questionnaires used in routine practice contain significantly varying contents that can impact the reliability and validity of the screening. We investigated to what extent common patient-based OSA screening questionnaires differ or overlap in their item content by conducting a rigorous, methodical, and quantified content overlap analysis.

Sleepiness should be reinvestigated through the lens of clinical neurophysiology: A mixed expertal and big-data Natural Language Processing approach.

Historically, the field of sleep medicine has revolved around electrophysiological tools. However, the use of these tools as a neurophysiological method of investigation seems to be underrepresented today, from both international recommendations and sleep centers, in contrast to behavioral and psychometric tools. The aim of this article is to combine a data-driven approach and neurophysiological and sleep medicine expertise to confirm or refute the hypothesis that neurophysiology has declined in favor of behavioral or self-reported dimensions in sleep medicine for the investigation of sleepiness, despite the use of electrophysiological tools.

Objective evaluation of excessive daytime sleepiness.

Excessive daytime sleepiness (EDS) is multifactorial. It combines, among other things, an excessive propensity to fall asleep ("physiological sleepiness") and a continuous non-imperative sleepiness (or drowsiness/hypo-arousal) leading to difficulties remaining awake and maintaining sustained attention and vigilance over the long term ("manifest sleepiness"). There is no stand-alone biological measure of EDS.

Is Physical Activity an Efficient Strategy to Control the Adverse Effects of Persistent Organic Pollutants in the Context of Obesity? A Narrative Review.

Obesity affects nearly 660 million adults worldwide and is known for its many comorbidities. Although the phenomenon of obesity is not fully understood, science regularly reveals new determinants of this pathology. Among them, persistent organic pollutants (POPs) have been recently highlighted.

Effects of a Cycling versus Running HIIT Program on Fat Mass Loss and Gut Microbiota Composition in Men with Overweight/Obesity.

Purpose: High-intensity interval training (HIIT) can efficiently decrease total and (intra-)abdominal fat mass (FM); however, the effects of running versus cycling HIIT programs on FM reduction have not been compared yet. In addition, the link between HIIT-induced FM reduction and gut microbiota must be better investigated. The aim of this study was to compare the effects of two 12-wk HIIT isoenergetic programs (cycling vs running) on body composition and fecal microbiota composition in nondieting men with overweight or obesity.

Fe-Ni-based alloys as highly active and low-cost oxygen evolution reaction catalyst in alkaline media.

NiFe-based oxo-hydroxides are highly active for the oxygen evolution reaction but require complex synthesis and are poorly durable when deposited on foreign supports. Herein we demonstrate that easily processable, Earth-abundant and cheap Fe-Ni alloys spontaneously develop a highly active NiFe oxo-hydroxide surface, exsolved upon electrochemical activation. While the manufacturing process and the initial surface state of the alloys do not impact the oxygen evolution reaction performance, the growth/composition of the NiFe oxo-hydroxide surface layer depends on the alloying elements and initial atomic Fe/Ni ratio, hence driving oxygen evolution reaction activity.

Exploring Serum Biomarkers for Neuropathic Pain in Rat Models of Chemotherapy-Induced Peripheral Neuropathy: A Comparative Pilot Study with Oxaliplatin, Paclitaxel, Bortezomib, and Vincristine.

Blood biomarkers, including neurofilament light chain (NfL), have garnered attention as potential indicators for chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy (CIPN), a dose-limiting adverse effect of neurotoxic anticancer drugs. However, no blood biomarker has been established for routine application or translational research. This pilot study aimed to evaluate a limited panel of blood biomarkers in rat models of CIPN and their correlations with neuropathic pain.

The 68 symptoms of the clinical high risk for psychosis: Low similarity among fourteen screening questionnaires.

The Clinical High Risk for psychosis (CHR) is a heterogeneous condition with multiple symptoms. CHR screening is challenging in routine care, as a wide variety of questionnaires exists. We propose to explore the extent to which these questionnaires differ or overlap in item content.

Content analysis of insomnia questionnaires: A step to better evaluate the complex and multifaceted construct of insomnia disorder.

Insomnia disorder is a mental disorder that includes various types of symptoms (e.g., insomnia initiating, worries, mood disturbances) and impairments (e.

Genome sequencing of 15 acid-tolerant yeasts.

We report draft genome sequences for 15 non-conventional Saccharomycotina yeast strains obtained from public culture repositories. Included in our collection are eight strains of with broad tolerance to dicarboxylic acids. The genome sequences of these strains will enable comparative genomics of acid-tolerant phenotypes and strain engineering of non-conventional hosts.

Neuromuscular and Metabolic Responses during Repeated Bouts of Loaded Downhill Walking.

Introduction: The aim of this study was to compare vastus lateralis (VL) and rectus femoris (RF) muscles for their nervous and mechanical adaptations during two bouts of downhill walking (DW) with load carriage performed 2 wk apart. Moreover, we investigated cardiometabolic and perceived exertion responses during both DW bouts.

Methods: Seventeen participants performed two 45-min sessions of loaded DW (30% of body mass; slope, -25%; speed, 4.

Sex-Related Neuromuscular Adaptations to Youth Obesity: Force, Muscle Mass, and Neural Issues.

Young obese are generally stronger than their typically developing counterparts. Strength differences could be partly ascribed to nervous adaptations, due to the loading effect of carrying overweight. We hypothesized that central adaptations of the muscles highly involved in weight bearing, i.

Combined Endurance and Strength or Only Endurance Training? Effects of Training Mode on Neuromuscular Characteristics and Functional Abilities in Obese Adolescent Girls Enrolled in a Weight-Reduction Program.

The aim of the present study was to examine whether combining strength and endurance training would promote better improvements in neuromuscular characteristics and functional abilities than endurance training alone in obese adolescent girls enrolled in a weight-reduction program. Twenty-four obese adolescent girls (12-15 years) volunteered to participate in a 9-month training program. Participants were allocated into two groups following either (i) combined training (endurance + strength; E+ST) or (ii) endurance training (ET) program.

Screening non-conventional yeasts for acid tolerance and engineering Pichia occidentalis for production of muconic acid.

Saccharomyces cerevisiae is a workhorse of industrial biotechnology owing to the organism's prominence in alcohol fermentation and the suite of sophisticated genetic tools available to manipulate its metabolism. However, S. cerevisiae is not suited to overproduce many bulk bioproducts, as toxicity constrains production at high titers.

Risk factors for migraine disease progression: a narrative review for a patient-centered approach.

Background: In individuals with migraine, attacks may increase in frequency, severity, or both. Preventing migraine progression has emerged as a treatment goal in headache subspecialty practice, but there may be less awareness in general neurology or primary care settings where most people with migraine who seek treatment consult. Herein, we review the definition of and risk factors for migraine progression and consider strategies that could reduce its risk.

CRAPS: Chromosomal-Repair-Assisted Pathway Shuffling in Yeast.

A fundamental challenge of metabolic engineering involves assembling and screening vast combinations of orthologous enzymes across a multistep biochemical pathway. Current pathway assembly workflows involve combining genetic parts and assembling one pathway configuration per tube or well. Here, we present CRAPS, hromosomal-epair-ssisted athway huffling, an pathway engineering technique that enables the self-assembly of one pathway configuration per cell.