HLA-G Polymorphisms of The 3'-UTR Region Are Involved in Susceptibility to Non-Infectious Uveitis.

Purpose: HLA-G is a non-classical HLA class I gene encoding a molecule endowed with immunomodulatory properties, playing important immunosuppressive and tolerogenic roles in immuno-privileged organs. Fluctuations in its expression levels have been correlated with the predisposition to autoinflammatory disorders, notably uveitis, characterized by inflammation of the uvea. In the present work, DNA was obtained from saliva samples of 147 Spanish patients with uveitis, with subsequent analysis focusing on the distribution of polymorphisms within the 3'UTR region of the gene (a region known to modulate the expression of the HLA-G molecule).

Two different complement Factor B (Bf) alleles of the orangutan major histocompatibility complex (MHC) are also conserved in chimpanzee and humans showing importance in primate immunity.

Background: Major Human Histocompatibility complex (MHC or HLA in humans) has been associated to autoimmune diseases. However, only statistical phenomenological and no pathogenetic description has been reached after decades. This shows that MHC single locus association studies are probably useless for HLA/diseases association.

HLA-G high-expressor 3'UTR markers are linked to gastric cancer development and survival.

Gastric cancer ranks fifth in both world prevalence and lethality, with a 5-year survival of less than 30%. HLA-G, a non-classical class I HLA gene, has emerged as a potential marker for cancer susceptibility and prognosis due to its immunomodulatory properties. Its level of expression is regulated by polymorphisms in the 3' untranslated region (3'UTR) polymorphisms, which form various combined haplotypes (UTR-1 to -9).

The Immune Modulation Full Allele Is Associated with Gastric Adenocarcinoma Development.

The Human Leukocyte Antigen (HLA) system contains a set of genes involved at many levels in the innate and adaptive immune response. Among the non-classical HLA class I genes, HLA-G stands out for the numerous studies about its pivotal role in regulating/modulating immune responses. Also, its involvement in extravillous cytotrophoblast function, viral infections, autoimmunity, and cancer has been extensively documented.

Complex Interactions between the Human Major Histocompatibility Complex (MHC) and Microbiota: Their Roles in Disease Pathogenesis and Immune System Regulation.

The relationship between microbiota and the immune system is complex and characterized by the ways in which microbiota directs immune function interactions, both innate and acquired and also keeps activating the immune system throughout an individual's life. In this respect, the human Major Histocompatibility Complex (MHC, referred to as HLA in humans) plays a crucial role and is also established in self-defense against microbes by presenting microbial-derived peptides to the immune cells. However, this assumption has some unclear aspects that should be investigated.

Human enteroids as a tool to study conventional and ultra-high dose rate radiation.

Radiation therapy, one of the most effective therapies to treat cancer, is highly toxic to healthy tissue. The delivery of radiation at ultra-high dose rates, FLASH radiation therapy (FLASH), has been shown to maintain therapeutic anti-tumor efficacy while sparing normal tissues compared to conventional dose rate irradiation (CONV). Though promising, these studies have been limited mainly to murine models.

Major histocompatibility complex complement (MHC) Bf alleles show trans species evolution between man and chimpanzee.

HLA and disease studies by using single allele statistics have been fruitless during the last 40 years for explaining association pathogenesis of the associated diseases.Other approaches are necessary to untangle this puzzle. We aim to revisit complement alleleism in humans and primates for both studying MHC and disease association to complotypes and extended MHC haplotypes in order to also explain the positive directional selection of maintaining immune response genes (complement, MHC adaptive and MHC non-specific genes) that keeps these three type of genes together in a short chromosome stretch (MHC) for million years.

HLA alleles and haplotypes in Sudanese population and their relationship with Mediterraneans.

The contribution of migrated people from once green Sahara (about 10,000-6000 years BC) towards Mediterranean area had probably a double effect: both genetic and cultural connections have been described between Western Europe and North Africa. Sudanese populations from different ethnicities have been studied for HLA-A, -B, -DRB1 and -DQB1 antigens by a standard microlymphotoxicity method. Results found show that Nubians are genetically related with African Sub-Saharan populations and distant from other Sudanese tribes, who are closer to Mediterranean populations than to Sub-Saharan ones.

Genetic signature detected in T cell receptors from patients with severe COVID-19.

Characterization of host genetic factors contributing to COVID-19 severity promises advances on drug discovery to fight the disease. Most genetic analyses to date have identified genome-wide significant associations involving loss-of-function variants for immune response pathways. Despite accumulating evidence supporting a role for T cells in COVID-19 severity, no definitive genetic markers have been found to support an involvement of T cell responses.

HLA study in Mexico Nahua/Aztec Amerindians: Close relatedness to the ancient Central America ethnic groups.

Nahua population (also named Aztec or Mexica) was studied for HLA class II genes in a Mexican rural city (Santo Domingo Ocotitlan, Morelos State) belonging to the nowadays Náhuatl speaking areas in Mexico. The most frequent HLA class II alleles were typical Amerindian (HLA-DRB1*04:07, DQB1*03:01 DRB1*04:03 or DRB1*04:04) and also were some calculated extended haplotypes (HLA-DRB1*04:07-DQB1*03:02,DRB1*08:02-DQB1*04:02, or DRB1*10:01-DQB1*05:01 among others). When using HLA-DRB1 Neís genetic distances, our isolated Nahua population was found to be close to other Central America Amerindians like the ancient-established Mayans or Mixe.

Higher prevalence of LAP+ (Latency TGFβ-Associated Peptide) T cells at the tissue level in patients with early gastric cancer.

The presence of cells with regulatory functions in patients with cancer is one of the mechanisms whereby the immune system cannot confront tumor growth. We sought to determine the prevalence of immunoregulatory T-cell subpopulations, expressing the latency TGFβ-associated peptide (LAP), in patients with gastric adenocarcinoma. T cells were enriched from blood or gastric tissue (tumoral, TT or tumor-free, TF) samples from 22 patients, 6 with early (EGC) and 16 with advanced gastric cancer (AGC).

Evolution and molecular interactions of major histocompatibility complex (MHC)-G, -E and -F genes.

Classical HLA (Human Leukocyte Antigen) is the Major Histocompatibility Complex (MHC) in man. HLA genes and disease association has been studied at least since 1967 and no firm pathogenic mechanisms have been established yet. HLA-G immune modulation gene (and also -E and -F) are starting the same arduous way: statistics and allele association are the trending subjects with the same few results obtained by HLA classical genes, i.

Intra and Inter-Observer Reliability and Repeatability of Metatarsus Adductus Angle in Recreational Football Players: A Concordance Study.

Metatarsus adductus (MA) is a congenital foot deformity often unrecognized at birth. There is adduction of the metatarsals, supination of the subtalar joint, and plantarflexion of the first ray. The aims of this study were to assess the intra and inter-reader reliability of the radiographic MA measurement angles used in the literature.

HLA-G: Too Much or Too Little? Role in Cancer and Autoimmune Disease.

HLA-G is a non-classical HLA class I molecule with immunomodulatory properties. It was initially described at the maternal-fetal interface, and it was later found that this molecule was constitutively expressed on certain immuneprivileged tissues, such as cornea, endothelial and erythroid precursors, and thymus. The immunosuppressive effect of HLA-G is exerted through the interaction with its cognate receptors, expressed on immunocompetent cells, like ILT2, expressed on NK, B, T cells and APCs; ILT4, on APCs; KIR, found on the surface of NK cells; and finally, the co-receptor CD8.

Effect on the reduction of bacterial load after surgical hand antisepsis with triclosan 0.5% compared to triclosan 0.5% followed by 70% alcoholic solution.

Triclosan 0.5% by scrubbing does not meet the UNE-EN12791 criteria to be used in the surgical hand preparation (SHP). Triclosan 0.

HLA-G 3'UTR Polymorphisms Are Linked to Susceptibility and Survival in Spanish Gastric Adenocarcinoma Patients.

HLA-G is a non-classical class I HLA molecule that induces tolerance by acting on receptors of both innate and adaptive immune cells. When overexpressed in tumors, limits surveillance by the immune system. The gene shows several polymorphisms involved in mRNA and protein levels.

A Reliable and Standardizable Differential PCR and qPCR Methodology Assesses HER2 Gene Amplification in Gastric Cancer.

We have applied two PCR techniques, differential PCR (diffPCR) and qPCR for the identification of HER2 gene amplifications in genomic DNA of tumor and distal gastric samples from patients with gastric cancer. The diffPCR technique consists of the simultaneous amplification of the HER2 gene and a housekeeping gene by conventional PCR and the densitometric analysis of the bands obtained. We established a cut-off point based on the mean and standard deviation analyzing the DNA of 30 gastric tissues from patients undergoing non-cancer gastrectomy.

Accuracy and Repeatability of Spatiotemporal Gait Parameters Measured with an Inertial Measurement Unit.

In recent years, interest in finding alternatives for the evaluation of mobility has increased. Inertial measurement units (IMUs) stand out for their portability, size, and low price. The objective of this study was to examine the accuracy and repeatability of a commercially available IMU under controlled conditions in healthy subjects.

Comparing rubbing and scrubbing surgical hand antisepsis with propan-1-ol 60% in accordance with European regulation UNE-EN 12791:2016+A1:2018.

A crossover trial was conducted to compare hand rub and hand scrub-brush methods for reducing bacterial loads when using propan-1-ol-60% according to European regulations. Both methods significantly reduced the bacterial load immediately after antisepsis, but only the hand rub method achieved significant bacterial load reduction 3 hours after the procedure.

Defects at the Posttranscriptional Level Account for the Low TCR Chain Expression Detected in Gastric Cancer Independently of Caspase-3 Activity.

Background: Reduced TCR chain surface has been reported in T cells from patients with different inflammatory conditions and cancer. However, the causes of this diminished expression in cancer remain elusive.

Methods: T cell-enriched populations of blood or tissue (tumoral and nontumoral) origin from 44 patients with gastric adenocarcinoma and 33 healthy subjects were obtained.

TGFB1 polymorphisms and TGF-β1 plasma levels identify gastric adenocarcinoma patients with lower survival rate and disseminated disease.

TGF-β1 is involved in tumour growth. Four TGFB1 SNPs and TGF-β1 production by stimulated PBMC were determined in seventy-eight gastric adenocarcinoma patients. In addition, TGF-β1 levels were measured in the plasma of further thirty patients.

HLA-G: Function, polymorphisms and pathology.

HLA-G immune modulatory genes and molecules are presently being studied by a widespread number of research groups. In the present study, we do not aim to be exhaustive since the number of manuscripts published every year is overwhelming. Instead, our aim is pointing out facts about HLA-G function, polymorphism and pathology that have been confirmed by several different researchers, together with exposing aspects that may have been overlooked or not sufficiently remarked in this productive field of study.