Clinical study on the predictive utility of high flow CPAP in weaning from prolonged mechanical ventilation in critical paediatric surgery patients.

Introduction And Objectives: Weaning paediatric patients from mechanical ventilation (MV) often results in extubation failure (EF) (14%-22%) and 2% of patients will require tracheostomy (2%).

Methods: We performed an observational study in 115 critically ill patients in whom a novel high-flow CPAP (CPAP-ANRI) system was connected to the tracheal tube during ventilation (CPAP + TI). After extubation, the same system was connected to various interfaces.

ASCL1 Restrains ERK1/2 to Promote Survival of a Subset of Neuroendocrine Lung Cancers.

The transcription factor achaete-scute complexhomolog 1 (ASCL1) is a lineage oncogene that is central in growth and survival of the majority of small cell lung cancers and neuroendocrine (NE) non-small cell lung cancers (NSCLC) that express it. Targeting ASCL1, or its downstream pathways, remains a challenge. Small cell lung cancers and NSCLC-NE that express ASCL1 exhibit relatively low ERK1/2 activity, in dramatic contrast to NSCLCs in which the ERK pathway plays a major role in pathogenesis.

Survival of Calliphora vicina (Diptera: Calliphoridae) embryos under cold temperature conditions: forensic implications.

Most blow flies (Diptera: Calliphoridae) species are sarcosaprophagous during the larval stage, primarily feeding on the soft tissues of carcasses during the early stages of decomposition, making them valuable forensic indicators for minimum post-mortem interval (minPMI) estimations. Like other insects, their developmental rates are strongly influenced by the environmental temperature. Although several studies have examined the influence of temperature on the development of different blow fly species, the impact of cold temperatures remains largely unstudied, despite its potential forensic implications.

Influence of photoperiod on the developmental times of the forensically relevant blow fly species Calliphora vicina (Diptera: Calliphoridae).

Blow flies (Diptera: Calliphoridae) are frequently used in forensic investigations due to their rapid colonization of cadavers. As with other insects, environmental temperature strongly influences their developmental rates. While published research has typically explored not only the impact of the environmental temperature, but also of other factors like tissue type and drug presence on developmental rates, the influence of photoperiod on the developmental rates of forensically relevant blow fly species has remained largely underexplored.

Thyroid abnormalities in patients with Hodgkin lymphoma: The importance of close surveillance.

Introduction: Survival in paediatric patients with Hodgkin lymphoma (HL) has increased over the last decades. However, these patients are at increased risk of developing late thyroid sequelae due to the treatment with irradiation and alkylating agents.

Methods: We conducted an observational and retrospective study in patients with a diagnosis of HL between 2007 and 2022, in a hospital that is a paediatric oncology reference centre, through the review of electronic health records.

An effective method for preparing histological sections of blow fly intra-puparial stages for minimum PMI estimations.

Blow flies (Diptera: Calliphoridae) are generally early colonisers of fresh cadavers, enabling the estimation of a minimum post-mortem interval (PMI) based on an accurate aging of the oldest immature stages associated with a cadaver. In blow flies, the pupal stage and the subsequent development of the adult take place inside a protective case, the puparium, formed from the hardened and darkened cuticle of the third instar larva. Because the puparium is an opaque structure that shows virtually no external changes, qualitative analyses of the internal tissues can be very informative for determining reliable age-specific morphological markers.

Methods for the optimal preservation of blow fly intra-puparial forms for morphological analysis in forensic casework.

Accurate minimum post-mortem interval (minPMI) estimations often rely on a precise age determination of insect developmental stages, which is significantly influenced by environmental temperature. An optimal preservation of the entomological samples collected at crime scenes is pivotal for a reliable aging of immature insect samples. For blow flies (Diptera: Calliphoridae), the most widely used insect indicators in forensic investigations, an appropriate preservation of tissues is particularly important in the case of puparial samples because aging methods for intra-puparial forms usually depend on morphological analyses; however, although informative soft tissues and structures could be discoloured and/or distorted if they are not properly fixed, there is a lack of studies to assess different methods for the optimal preservation of intra-puparial forms collected in forensic investigations.

Navigating the ERK1/2 MAPK Cascade.

The RAS-ERK pathway is a fundamental signaling cascade crucial for many biological processes including proliferation, cell cycle control, growth, and survival; common across all cell types. Notably, ERK1/2 are implicated in specific processes in a context-dependent manner as in stem cells and pancreatic β-cells. Alterations in the different components of this cascade result in dysregulation of the effector kinases ERK1/2 which communicate with hundreds of substrates.

Blood Flow Restriction in Oncological Patients: Advantages and Safety Considerations.

Background: Cancer, being a highly widespread disease on a global scale, has prompted researchers to explore innovative treatment approaches. In this regard, blood flow restriction has emerged as a promising procedure utilized in diverse clinical populations with favorable results including improvements in muscle strength, cardiovascular function, and postoperative recovery. The aim of this systematic review was to assess the efficacy of blood flow restriction in cancer survivors.

Intestinal Obstruction for Anisakiasis: Surgical and Physical Therapy Treatment.

Anisakiasis, a zoonotic disease that can lead to small intestine obstruction, has seen a significant rise in Spain. The country has become the first in Europe with an annual incidence of 8000 cases, primarily due to the popularity of consuming exotic dishes of undercooked or raw fish and the impact of climate change. The clinical presentation of anisakiasis can mimic symptoms of acute appendicitis or intestinal obstruction, leading to potential misdiagnosis.

ASCL1-ERK1/2 Axis: ASCL1 restrains ERK1/2 via the dual specificity phosphatase DUSP6 to promote survival of a subset of neuroendocrine lung cancers.

The transcription factor achaete-scute complex homolog 1 (ASCL1) is a lineage oncogene that is central for the growth and survival of small cell lung cancers (SCLC) and neuroendocrine non-small cell lung cancers (NSCLC-NE) that express it. Targeting ASCL1, or its downstream pathways, remains a challenge. However, a potential clue to overcoming this challenage has been information that SCLC and NSCLC-NE that express ASCL1 exhibit extremely low ERK1/2 activity, and efforts to increase ERK1/2 activity lead to inhibition of SCLC growth and surival.

Rehabilitation in Patients Diagnosed with Arthrogryposis Multiplex Congenita: A Systematic Review.

Arthrogryposis multiplex congenita is a condition characterised by contractures and deformity in two or more body areas. Physiotherapy may be an appropriate treatment. The aim was to systematically review the evidence for rehabilitation in arthrogryposis multiplex congenita.

Larval anatomy of the digestive and excretory systems of the pharyngeal bot fly, Pharyngomyia picta (Diptera: Oestridae).

Oestrid flies (Diptera: Oestridae) are obligate parasites of mammals during their larval stage and show anatomical adaptations for the infestation of host tissues. Unlike the species that parasitize domestic mammals, those oestrid species that infest wild mammal hosts remain poorly known. With the use of x-ray micro-computed tomography, we describe for the first time the anatomy of the digestive and excretory systems of the second and third larval instars of Pharyngomyia picta (Meigen), a parasite of cervids that, like other species within the subfamily Oestrinae, causes nasopharyngeal myiasis.

ERK2 Mutations Affect Interactions, Localization, and Dimerization.

The most frequent ERK2 (MAPK1) mutation in cancers, E322K, lies in the common docking (CD) site, which binds short motifs made up of basic and hydrophobic residues present in the activators MEK1 (MAP2K1) and MEK2 (MAP2K2), in dual specificity phosphatases (DUSPs) that inactivate the kinases, and in many of their substrates. Also, part of the CD site, but mutated less often in cancers, is the preceding aspartate (D321N). These mutants were categorized as gain of function in a sensitized melanoma system.

Use of Iontophoresis with Corticosteroid in Carpal Tunnel Syndrome: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Background: Carpal tunnel syndrome is a neuropathy that affects the median nerve. The aim of this review is to synthesize the evidence and perform a meta-analysis on the effects of iontophoresis in people with carpal tunnel syndrome.

Methods: The search was carried out using PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, CINHAL Complete, Physiotherapy Evidence Database, and SciELO.

Scaffold coupling: ERK activation by trans-phosphorylation across different scaffold protein species.

RAS-ERK (extracellular signal-regulated kinase) pathway signals are modulated by scaffold proteins that assemble the components of different kinase tiers into a sequential phosphorylation cascade. In the prevailing model scaffold proteins function as isolated entities, where the flux of phosphorylation events progresses downstream linearly, to achieve ERK phosphorylation. We show that different types of scaffold proteins, specifically KSR1 (kinase suppressor of Ras 1) and IQGAP1 (IQ motif-containing guanosine triphosphatase activating protein 1), can bind to each other, forming a complex whereby phosphorylation reactions occur across both species.

Pediatric perianal Crohn's disease behavior in the era of biologic therapy.

Aim Of The Study: To describe perianal Crohn's disease behavior and the role of biological therapy in a sample of pediatric patients.

Methods: A retrospective study of pediatric patients with Crohn's disease (CD) treated in our institution from 2017 to 2021, with a minimum follow up period of 6 months, was conducted. Patients were divided whether they had perianal disease (PD) or not.

Satisfaction Level and Performance of Physiotherapy Students in the Knowledge of Musculoskeletal Disorders through Nearpod: Preliminary Reports.

Physiotherapists are at high risk for musculoskeletal disorders. There is a need in academia to address workers' health issues at the time of graduation. Nearpod is an educational application founded on a web-based learning tool.

Morphological and molecular characterization of puparia of Piophilidae species of forensic relevance.

Piophilidae are a small family of Diptera with a worldwide distribution and which are historically associated with human activities. In addition to their economic importance, piophilid larvae can also be of medical and legal relevance. Within a medicolegal context, piophilids are frequently associated with cadavers in advanced stages of decomposition, thus being potentially useful forensic indicators and they have been reported also from archaeo-funerary contexts.

Effectiveness of Blood Flow Restriction in Neurological Disorders: A Systematic Review.

There is scientific evidence that Blood Flow Restriction (BFR) is beneficial in healthy people, the elderly and patients with musculoskeletal disorders. A systematic review was conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of BFR in patients with neurological disorders. The literature search was conducted up until July 2022 in the following databases: PubMed, Web of Science (WOS), Physiotherapy Evidence Database (PEDro), LILACS, Scopus, Cumulative Index of Nursing and Allied Literature Complete (CINAHL), the Cochrane Library and Scientific Electronic Library Online (SciELO).

Phonophoresis through Nonsteroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs for Knee Osteoarthritis Treatment: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Knee osteoarthritis (OA) is the most common joint disease. The administration of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) by phonophoresis is a therapeutic alternative to relieve pain in inflammatory pathologies. The main aim was to analyze the efficacy of the application of NSAIDs by phonophoresis in knee OA.

The Influence of Therapeutic Exercise on Survival and the Quality of Life in Survivorship of Women with Ovarian Cancer.

Background: Ovarian cancer is the most difficult of all gynaecological cancers to treat, mainly due to its late diagnosis. Although exercise interventions have been reported to be safe and beneficial for ovarian cancer, treatment does not include it and is usually a combination of chemotherapy and surgery. It is increasingly common to include exercise as a tool to increase survival in the cancer population.

Effectiveness of Myofunctional Therapy in Ankyloglossia: A Systematic Review.

Ankyloglossia is a pathology of the tongue in which the frenulum appears anchored to the floor of the mouth. The treatment of choice for this pathology is frenectomy, but myofunctional therapy is emerging in recent years as a complement to surgical intervention. This systematic review aims to synthesize the scientific evidence and assess its quality regarding the use of myofunctional therapy in ankyloglossia.