Clinical and molecular genetic analysis of cytologically uncertain thyroid nodules in patients with thyroid disease.

Background: The current requirement is to establish the preoperative diagnosis accurately as possible and to achieve an adequate extent of surgery. The aim of this study was to define the preoperative clinical and molecular genetic risks of malignancy in indeterminate thyroid nodules (Bethesda III and IV) and to determine their impact on the surgical strategy.

Methods: Prospectively retrospective analysis of 287 patients provided the basis of preoperative laboratory examination, sonographic stratification of malignancy risks and cytological findings.

Cardiac Arrest as an Uncommon Manifestation of Late Type A Aortic Dissection Associated with Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement.

Transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) is a minimally invasive therapeutic procedure with a consistent, linear increase in the number of implantations worldwide. Recently, TAVR has been rapidly expanding into lower-risk populations. Sporadic cases of late prosthesis-related Stanford type A dissection have been documented in self-expanding, as well as balloon-expandable TAVR valves, manifested primarily as acute aortic syndrome.

Fibroblast activation protein as a potential theranostic target in brain metastases of diverse solid tumours.

Brain metastases are a very common and serious complication of oncological diseases. Despite the vast progress in multimodality treatment, brain metastases significantly decrease the quality of life and prognosis of patients. Therefore, identifying new targets in the microenvironment of brain metastases is desirable.

Eighteen years' experience with tumor treating fields in the treatment of newly diagnosed glioblastoma.

Introduction: The prognosis of glioblastoma remains unfavorable. TTFields utilize low intensity electric fields (frequency 150-300 kHz) that disrupt cellular processes critical for cancer cell viability and tumor progression. TTFields are delivered via transducer arrays placed on the patients' scalp.

Calcifying pseudoneoplasm of neuroaxis (CAPNON): a comprehensive immunohistochemical and morphological characterization of five cases.

Calcifying pseudoneoplasm of neuroaxis (CAPNON) is a rare lesion of the central nervous system with uncertain histogenesis. We further explored phenotypic spectrum of the entity with respect to possible histogenesis. We collected 5 cases of CAPNONs, performed a detailed morphological assessment, and performed an extensive immunohistochemical analysis (EMA, progesterone receptors, MUC4, SSTR2A, cytokeratin AE1/3, cytokeratin 18, GFAP, neurofilaments, desmin, nestin, synaptophysin, S100 protein, SOX10, CD56, Podoplanin, SATB2, ERG, CD45, and CD163) to elucidate the histogenesis.

Total thyroidectomy can still remain the method of choice in some Bethesda III cases.

Background: The latest WHO classification of tumours of endocrine organs defines new units of borderline thyroid tumours (BTT). The aim of our study was to evaluate ultrasonographic and cytological features, mutation profile and surgery treatment in rare thyroid tumours.

Methods: An analysis of 8 BTT out of 487 patients, who underwent thyroid surgery between June 2016 and June 2020.

Evaluation of expression of somatostatin receptor 1, 2, 3, 5 and dopamine D2 receptor in spindle cell oncocytomas of posterior pituitary.

Purpose: Spindle cell oncocytomas (SCOs) are very rare tumors of the posterior pituitary with potential for locally aggressive behaviour. Their treatment includes surgery and possibly radiotherapy, however other options are lacking. Somatostatin receptors (SSTs) are a possible therapeutic target for somatostatin analogues and their expression has been demonstrated recently in closely related pituicytomas, but there are no data about their presence in SCOs.

Author Correction: BRCA1-regulated RRM2 expression protects glioblastoma cells from endogenous replication stress and promotes tumorigenicity.

This Article contains an error in the spelling of the author Kjeld Møllgård, which is incorrectly given as Kjeld Møllgaard. The error has not been fixed in the original PDF and HTML versions of the Article.

Molecular pathological predictive diagnostics in a patient with non-small cell lung cancer treated with crizotinib therapy: A case report.

Lung cancer is one of the most common malignant cancers in the Czech Republic in men, with the highest mortality rate of all the malignant diseases. The development of biological treatment enables study into novel personalized treatment options. This type of treatment is usually of high quality, and is often demanding of predictive and biopsy diagnostics, which is dependent on the quality of the collected material and close cooperation among particular departments.

BRCA1-regulated RRM2 expression protects glioblastoma cells from endogenous replication stress and promotes tumorigenicity.

Oncogene-evoked replication stress (RS) fuels genomic instability in diverse cancer types. Here we report that BRCA1, traditionally regarded a tumour suppressor, plays an unexpected tumour-promoting role in glioblastoma (GBM), safeguarding a protective response to supraphysiological RS levels. Higher BRCA1 positivity is associated with shorter survival of glioma patients and the abrogation of BRCA1 function in GBM enhances RS, DNA damage (DD) accumulation and impairs tumour growth.

Fibroblast activation protein alpha is expressed by transformed and stromal cells and is associated with mesenchymal features in glioblastoma.

Glioblastomas are deadly neoplasms resistant to current treatment modalities. Fibroblast activation protein (FAP) is a protease which is not expressed in most of the normal adult tissues but is characteristically present in the stroma of extracranial malignancies. FAP is considered a potential therapeutic target and is associated with a worse patient outcome in some cancers.

Late morphological changes after radiosurgery of brain arteriovenous malformations: an MRI study.

Background: Radiosurgery by Gamma Knife (GK) is an effective treatment for brain arteriovenous malformations (AVM). The aim of the present study was to evaluate late, radiation-induced changes detectable by MRI after AVM radiosurgery in patients treated minimally 10 years prior, with AVM obliteration proven by angiography.

Methods: Thirty-five patients with 37 AVMs were included.

Morphological changes after radiosurgery for mesial temporal lobe epilepsy.

Background: To review our experience with morphological developments during the long-term follow-up of patients treated by Gamma Knife radiosurgery for mesial temporal lobe epilepsy.

Method: Between 1995 and 1999, we treated 14 patients with marginal doses of 24 Gy (n = 6) and 18-20 Gy (n = 8). Nine of these were operated on for insufficient seizure control.

Complications of MRI-guided stereotactic biopsy of brain lymphoma.

Objectives: Stereotactic biopsy is a suitable method for sampling intrinsic brain lesions. Although this method is considered to be a safe procedure, some risk of complications still exists. The aim of the study was to retrospectively assess the morbidity and mortality of MRI-guided stereotactic biopsy of lesions which were histologically proven to be brain lymphoma.

Long-term seizure outcome after stereotactic amygdalohippocampectomy.

Background: The aim of the study was to evaluate the long-term seizure outcome and complications after stereotactic radiofrequency amygdalohippocampectomy (SAHE) performed for mesial temporal lobe epilepsy (MTLE).

Methods: The article describes the cases of 61 patients who were treated at our institution during the period 2004-2010. Mean post-operative follow-up was 5.

Quantitative MR imaging and spectroscopy of brain tumours: a step forward?

Objectives: A prospective quantitative MR study of brain tumours was performed to show the potential of combining different MR techniques to distinguish various disease processes in routine clinical practice.

Methods: Twenty-three patients with various intracranial tumours before treatment (diagnosis confirmed by a biopsy) and 59 healthy subjects were examined on a 3-T system by conventional MR imaging, 1H spectroscopic imaging, diffusion tensor imaging and T2 relaxometry. Metabolic concentrations and their ratios, T2 relaxation times and mean diffusivities were calculated and correlated on a pixel-by-pixel basis and compared to control data.

Toxocara canis larvae reinfecting BALB/c mice exhibit accelerated speed of migration to the host CNS.

Using a small animal imaging system, migratory activity of Toxocara canis larvae stained by carboxyfluorescein succinimidyl ester (CFSE) was observed post primary infection (PPI) and post reinfection (PR) of BALB/c mice. Each infection was performed with 1,000 larvae per mouse. Primary infections were performed with labeled larvae, while for challenge infections the reinfecting larvae were stained by CFSE.

Imaging of Toxocara canis larvae labelled by CFSE in BALB/c mice.

Mice are used most often as a model for human toxocariasis caused by Toxocara canis larvae. Variety of symptoms developing during the infection reflects behaviour of the larvae, which are able to escape from the intestine and further invade and damage various host organs. In order to find an approach enabling observation on parasite behaviour in mouse in vivo, we used an epifluorescence method and a small animal imaging system (SAIS).

[The occurrence of microcarcinomas in the patients after thyroidectomy--retrospective analysis].

Background: Microcarcinomas, minimum carcinomas, are tumours, which are in clinical practice defined as tumours < or = 1 cm in size. WHO defines thyroid microcarcinomas as tumours < or = 2 cm in size, which have different biological behaviour. The aim of the study was to analyze the occurrence of MC in post-operative patients.

Unusual groin resistance--a case study.

Extraskeletal osteochondroma is a benign, cartilaginous, slow-growing tumor with typical location near the joints of hands, feet, and knees. The authors present the case of a 44-year-old patient who experienced increasing pain in the right groin. Two isolated calcium deposits formed an encapsulated mass in the iliopsoas muscle, and the extraskeletal osteochondroma was diagnosed.

Aortic dissection and rupture in a 16-year-old girl with Turner syndrome following previous progression of aortic dilation.

Aortic dissection occurs in Turner syndrome with substantially higher frequency in comparison to the general population, and its prevention is one of the main aims of cardiologic follow-up. Findings of cystic medial necrosis in the aortic wall and a high prevalence of aortic dilation suggest that a form of aortopathy exists in Turner syndrome. However, little is known about natural development of aortic dilation prior to dissection.

Expression of dipeptidyl peptidase-IV activity and/or structure homologs in human meningiomas.

Meningiomas are tumors derived from arachnoid cap cells that represent approximately 30% of all intracranial tumors. In this study, we investigated 22 human meningiomas for the expression of dipeptidyl peptidase (DPP)-IV activity and/or structure homologs (DASH), including canonical DPP-IV/CD26, fibroblast activation protein-alpha (FAPalpha), DPP8 and DPP9. DPP-IV-like enzymatic activity, including all enzymatically-active DASH molecules, was found in all 18 benign meningiomas WHO grade I and IV atypical meningiomas WHO grade II by continuous rate fluorimetric assay in tissue homogenates and catalytic enzyme histochemistry in situ.