Managing the "big black brain" in low resource setting: A case report of early outcome after hinge craniotomy.

Background: The big black brain (BBB) phenomenon is described as an infant's response to an acute subdural hematoma (SDH). It is characterized by hypodensity and swelling of the supratentorial compartment as a whole. Numerous factors may contribute to the formation of the BBB.

Childhood borderline lepromatous leprosy: a case report.

Background: Leprosy in children is a strong indicator of the recent failure of leprosy control and disease transmission programs. For twenty-two years, leprosy has been declared `eliminated as a public health hazard,` yet new cases continue to emerge in endemic areas. The new case detection rate among the child population was recorded at 4.

Middle meningeal artery embolization and pediatric chronic subdural hematoma: a systematic review of the literature.

Chronic subdural hematoma (CSDH) is a disease commonly found in the elderly and not a typical finding in pediatric population. History of shunt surgery, child abuse, and blood disorder are some of the common causes of pediatric CSDH (pCSDH). There is growing evidence about the role of middle meningeal artery embolization (MMAE) to manage CSDH in the elderly population with a high risk of rebleeding.

Correlation Between the Grade of Hydronephrosis with Surgical Outcomes After Ultrasound-guided Supine Percutaneous Nephrolithotomy: A Retrospective Observational Study.

Objective: The preferred therapy for staghorn stones and large kidney stones is percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL). Ultrasound-guided PCNL has definite advantages over fluoroscopy-guided PCNL. Preoperative characteristics are essential to assess better surgical outcomes.

The neuroprotective effect of statin in traumatic brain injury: A systematic review.

Despite recent encouraging pharmaceutical and technical breakthroughs in neurosurgical critical care, traumatic brain injury (TBI)-related mortality and morbidity remain substantial clinical issues. Medication of statins was revealed to enhance outcomes following TBI in animal research. In addition to their main role of decreasing serum cholesterol, statins decrease inflammation and enhance cerebral blood flow.

Phenomenon of Hematocephalus: A Comprehensive Review of the Literature.

The phenomenon of hematocephalus is still not fully understood. Intraventricular hemorrhage volume and intracranial pressure play a substantial role in the outcome and survival of the patients. The intraventricular hemorrhage resulting in an increased intracranial pressure is known by the term "hematocephalus.

Delayed progressive intracranial bleeding in pediatric acute epidural hemorrhage treated expectantly.

Introduction And Importance: Progressive epidural hematoma (PEDH) after traumatic brain injury is usually found in the first 24 h after accident. However, EDH enlargement on day six after admission is rarely observed.

Presentation Of Case: We present the case of a 14-year-old boy who presented to the emergency room after a car accident with only a headache without any neurological deficit.

Long-term neurological cognitive, behavioral, functional, and quality of life outcomes after fetal myelomeningocele closure: a systematic review.

Background: Myelomeningocele is a lifelong condition that features several comorbidities, such as hydrocephalus, scoliosis, club foot, and lower limb sensory and motor disabilities. Its management has progressed over time, ranging from supportive care to early postnatal closure to prenatal closure of the defect. Recent research discovered that fetal myelomeningocele closure (fMMC) provided superior neurological outcomes to those of postnatal closure.

Paroxysmal sympathetic hyperactivity syndrome in tuberculous meningitis with paradoxical reaction.

Introduction And Importance: Paroxysmal sympathetic hyperactivity syndrome is frequently reported in traumatic brain injury. However, it may occur in non-traumatic brain injury, such as tuberculous meningitis with hydrocephalus.

Case Presentation: We reported a 38-year-old male who presented with acute decrease of consciousness and hemiparesis that was developed during antitubercular drugs therapy.

Giant Bladder Stone: A Case Report and Literature Review.

A urinary tract stone is a common urologic problem in Asia. In recent years, the incidence of urinary tract stones has increased but tends to be neglected by people with a lack of knowledge and low socioeconomic status. The occurrence of a bladder stone weighing more than 100 grams is unusual.

Optimal Dose and Concentration of Hypertonic Saline in Traumatic Brain Injury: A Systematic Review.

Management of increased intracranial pressure in traumatic brain injury remains challenging in neurosurgical emergencies. The mainstay of medical management for increased intracranial pressure is hyperosmolar therapy with mannitol or hypertonic saline. Mannitol has been the "gold standard" osmotic agent for almost a century.