The problem of identifying the source of an epidemic (also called patient zero) given a network of contacts and a set of infected individuals has attracted interest from a broad range of research communities. The successful and timely identification of the source can prevent a lot of harm as the number of possible infection routes can be narrowed down and potentially infected individuals can be isolated. Previous research on this topic often assumes that it is possible to observe the state of a substantial fraction of individuals in the network before attempting to identify the source.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFEpidemic spreading is a widely studied process due to its importance and possibly grave consequences for society. While the classical context of epidemic spreading refers to pathogens transmitted among humans or animals, it is straightforward to apply similar ideas to the spread of information (e.g.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBig Data approaches offer potential benefits for improving animal health, but they have not been broadly implemented in livestock production systems. Privacy issues, the large number of stakeholders, and the competitive environment all make data sharing, and integration a challenge in livestock production systems. The Swiss pig production industry illustrates these and other Big Data issues.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFThe topology of animal transport networks contributes substantially to how fast and to what extent a disease can transmit between animal holdings. Therefore, public authorities in many countries mandate livestock holdings to report all movements of animals. However, the reported data often does not contain information about the exact sequence of transports, making it impossible to assess the effect of truck sharing and truck contamination on disease transmission.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFFor admission to statutory health insurance, it is common in Switzerland that health care providers negotiate prices for health care services directly with health insurers. Once they agree upon a price, they must submit the resulting price to the Federal Office of Public Health (FOPH), which can then authorize it. Swiss law requires the prices in health care to be based on empirical data.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground: Over the last years, various revelations demonstrated that the doping problem is far from being solved. These included the American cyclist Lance Armstrong's disclosure and subsequent conviction for doping abuse over a period of many years. Furthermore, these revelations underlined the importance of strong and independent national antidoping agencies (NADA).
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