Effects of subchronic exposure to Successor 600 (pethoxamid 600 g L-1) on common carp Cyprinus carpio.

Objectives: We investigated the effects of the herbicide preparation Successor 600 on biochemical and haematological indices and the histolopathological parameters of common carp after 28 day exposure. Furthermore, the hepatosomatic index and induction of xenobiotic metabolizing enzymes and biomarkers were assessed.

Design: Juvenile fish were exposed to sublethal concentrations of Successor(R) 600 (0.

Preclinical evaluation of a replication-deficient intranasal DeltaNS1 H5N1 influenza vaccine.

Background: We developed a novel intranasal influenza vaccine approach that is based on the construction of replication-deficient vaccine viruses that lack the entire NS1 gene (DeltaNS1 virus). We previously showed that these viruses undergo abortive replication in the respiratory tract of animals. The local release of type I interferons and other cytokines and chemokines in the upper respiratory tract may have a "self-adjuvant effect", in turn increasing vaccine immunogenicity.