Can ChatGPT Accurately Answer a PICOT Question? Assessing AI Response to a Clinical Question.

Background: ChatGPT, an artificial intelligence (AI) text generator trained to predict correct words, can provide answers to questions but has shown mixed results in answering medical questions.

Purpose: To assess the reliability and accuracy of ChatGPT in providing answers to a complex clinical question.

Methods: A Population, Intervention, Comparison, Outcome, and Time (PICOT) formatted question was queried, along with a request for references.

Comparing the Learning Effectiveness of Three Virtual Simulation Tools With Nursing Students During the Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) Pandemic.

Background: We explored the learning effectiveness of three virtual simulation tools used in the Coronavirus Disease pandemic environment.

Sample: Study participants consisted of students from two nursing classes, a junior and a senior class.

Method: A mixed-methods approach compared three tools' performance across five learning domains.

PICO: What it is and what it is not.

Aim: To assess the role and effectiveness of the mnemonic PICO (Population, Intervention, Comparator and Outcome) in evidence-based practice (EBP) pedagogy.

Background: The mnemonic "PICO" is a well-established tool in nursing EBP pedagogy. Nevertheless, application of this tool in nursing curricula is not currently supported by evidence of its effectiveness.

Othering in the nursing context: A concept analysis.

Aim: 'Othering' is described as a social process whereby a dominant group or person uses negative attributes to define and subordinate others. Literature suggests othering creates exclusive relationships and puts patients at risk for suboptimal care. A concept analysis delineating the properties of othering was conducted to develop knowledge to support inclusionary practices in nursing.

Diversity dynamics: The experience of male Robert Wood Johnson Foundation nurse faculty scholars.

Background: Managing diversity dynamics in academic or clinical settings for men in nursing has unique challenges resulting from their minority status within the profession.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to share challenges and lessons learned identified by male scholars in the Robert Wood Johnson Foundation Nurse Faculty Scholars program and suggest strategies for creating positive organizations promoting inclusive excellence.

Methods: Multiple strategies including informal mentored discussions and peer-to-peer dialogue throughout the program, formal online surveys of scholars and National Advisory Committee members, and review of scholar progress reports were analyzed as part of the comprehensive evaluation plan of the program.

Lomb algorithm versus fast Fourier transform in heart rate variability analyses of pain in premature infants.

Heart rate variability analysis is a promising method for measuring pain in premature infants. The Lomb algorithm was adapted and compared with fast Fourier transform (FFT) for the purposes of PSD estimation. Both FFT and the Lomb algorithm had similar low frequency (LF) estimation error rates.

Defining Procedural Distress in the NICU and What Can Be Done About It.

Procedural distress is a common occurrence in the NICU and is tied to attempts to support the life and development of vulnerable premature infants. We discuss the epidemiology of procedural distress and the potential negative consequences on infant neurodevelopment. We define procedural distress in the NICU and outline three approaches to limit or to reduce its detrimental effects including minimizing the number of procedures, instituting measures for developmentally supportive care, and using preemptively pharmacologic and nonpharmacologic analgesia.

Pain assessment during a vaso-occlusive crisis in the pediatric and adolescent patient: rethinking practice.

Pain assessment of the child and adolescent with sickle cell disease is complex and challenging. We present a paradigm of pain assessment during a vaso-occlusive crisis in children and adolescents based on the Pain Assessment as a Social Transaction model. Using this model, the assessment of pain severity in sickle cell disease is uniquely highlighted as comprising at least 4 key factors: the limitations of current pain assessment tools, the existence of acute pain of various origins and the emergence and coexistence of chronic pain, the prevalence of cognitive deficits, and the sociocultural dynamics in America.

Development of a scale for estimating procedural distress in the newborn intensive care unit: the Procedural Load Index.

Background: Infants in the newborn intensive care unit (NICU) are exposed to routine procedures that often cause distress and carry a negative burden or load on the infant's neurodevelopment.

Aim: A ratio level index is introduced to estimate procedural load so as to begin to develop a system to monitor the intensity of distress associated with common NICU procedures.

Study Design: Two psychophysical methods, magnitude estimation (ME) and the general labeled magnitude scale (gLMS) were used to survey 86 clinicians via the internet to estimate the distress associated with 55 common NICU procedures.

A Quantitative Examination of Extreme Facial Pain Expression in Neonates: The Primal Face of Pain across Time.

Many pain assessment tools for preschool and school-aged children are based on facial expressions of pain. Despite broad use, their metrics are not rooted in the anatomic display of the facial pain expression. We aim to describe quantitatively the patterns of initiation and maintenance of the infant pain expression across an expressive cycle.

Pain assessment as a social transaction: beyond the "gold standard".

Pain assessment conventionally has been viewed hierarchically with self-report as its "gold-standard." Recent attempts to improve pain management have focused on the importance of assessment, for example, the initiative to include pain as the "fifth vital sign." We question the focus in the conceptualization of pain assessment upon a "vital sign," not in terms of the importance of assessment, but in terms of the application of self-report as a mechanistic index akin to a biologic measure such as heart rate and blood pressure.

Reevaluating simulation in nursing education: beyond the human patient simulator.

The human patient simulator or high-fidelity mannequin has become synonymous with the word simulation in nursing education. Founded on a historical context and on an evaluation of the current application of simulation in nursing education, this article challenges that assumption as limited and restrictive. A definition of simulation and a broader conceptualization of its application in nursing education are presented.

Neonatal pain facial expression: evaluating the primal face of pain.

The primal face of pain (PFP) is postulated to be a common and universal facial expression to pain, hardwired and present at birth. We evaluated its presence by applying a computer-based methodology consisting of "point-pair" comparisons captured from video to measure facial movement in the pain expression by way of change across two images: one image before and one image after a painful stimulus (heel-stick). Similarity of facial expression was analyzed in a sample of 57 neonates representing both sexes and 3 ethnic backgrounds (African American, Caucasian and Hispanic/Latino) while controlling for these extraneous and potentially modulating factors: feeding type (bottle, breast, or both), behavioral state (awake or asleep), and use of epidural and/or other perinatal anesthesia.

Facial expression and pain assessment in the pediatric patient: the primal face of pain.

Purpose: This paper aims to explore the role of facial expression in pediatric pain assessment. A comparison of tools employing facial expression methodology is presented. The concept of the primal face of pain (PFP) is introduced.

Is there a Primal Face of Pain? A methodology answer.

Pain assessment is of high priority in the clinical setting. Facial Pain Scales (FPSs) are pain assessment tools generally used with school-aged children. The implicit theoretical bases for the success of FPSs have seldom been explored.