Diagnosing small bowel carcinoid tumor in a patient with oligometastatic prostate cancer imaged with PSMA-Targeted [F]DCFPyL PET/CT: Value of the PSMA-RADS-3D Designation.

Radiotracers targeting prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA), including [F]DCFPyL, have been extensively investigated as a means to image prostate cancer more accurately. We present the case of a man with oligometastatic prostate cancer who was also diagnosed with a metastatic small bowel carcinoid tumor following the detection of indeterminate findings on a [F]DCFPyL PET and discuss how this case highlights the utility of a newly proposed reporting system for PSMA-targeted PET (PSMA-RADS version 1.0).

Cardiosphere-Derived Cells Demonstrate Metabolic Flexibility That Is Influenced by Adhesion Status.

Adult stem cells demonstrate metabolic flexibility that is regulated by cell adhesion status. The authors demonstrate that adherent cells primarily utilize glycolysis, whereas suspended cells rely on oxidative phosphorylation for their ATP needs. Akt phosphorylation transduces adhesion-mediated regulation of energy metabolism, by regulating translocation of glucose transporters (GLUT1) to the cell membrane and thus, cellular glucose uptake and glycolysis.

[ I]IodoDPA-713 Binding to 18 kDa Translocator Protein (TSPO) in a Mouse Model of Intracerebral Hemorrhage: Implications for Neuroimaging.

Intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) is a fatal stroke subtype with significant public health impact. Although neuroinflammation is a leading cause of neurological deficits after ICH, no imaging tool is currently available to monitor brain inflammation in ICH patients. Given the role of TSPO in neuroinflammation, herein we investigate whether a second-generation TSPO ligand, [ I]IodoDPA-713 can be used to monitor the changes in TSPO expression in a preclinical model of intracerebral hemorrhage.

Salicylic Acid-Based Polymeric Contrast Agents for Molecular Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Prostate Cancer.

Chemical exchange saturation transfer (CEST) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is an innovative molecular imaging technique in which contrast agents are labeled by saturating their exchangeable proton spins by radio-frequency irradiation. Salicylic acid and its analogues are a promising class of highly sensitive, diamagnetic CEST agents. Herein, polymeric agents grafted with salicylic acid moieties and a known high-affinity ligand targeting prostate-specific membrane antigen in approximately 10:1 molar ratio were synthesized to provide sufficient MRI sensitivity and receptor specificity.

F-XTRA PET for Enhanced Imaging of the Extrathalamic α4β2 Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptor.

Reduced density of the α4β2 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (α4β2-nAChR) in the cortex and hippocampus of the human brain has been reported in aging and patients with neurodegenerative disease. This study assessed the pharmacokinetic behavior of F-(-)-JHU86428 (F-XTRA), a new radiotracer for in vivo PET imaging of the α4β2-nAChR, particularly in extrathalamic regions of interest in which the α4β2-nAChR is less densely expressed than in thalamus. F-XTRA was also used to evaluate the α4β2-nAChR in the hippocampus in human aging.

Desmin Phosphorylation Triggers Preamyloid Oligomers Formation and Myocyte Dysfunction in Acquired Heart Failure.

Rationale: Disrupted proteostasis is one major pathological trait that heart failure (HF) shares with other organ proteinopathies, such as Alzheimer and Parkinson diseases. Yet, differently from the latter, whether and how cardiac preamyloid oligomers (PAOs) develop in acquired forms of HF is unclear.

Objective: We previously reported a rise in monophosphorylated, aggregate-prone desmin in canine and human HF.

Combined model-based and patient-specific dosimetry for F-DCFPyL, a PSMA-targeted PET agent.

Purpose: Prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA), a type-II integral membrane protein highly expressed in prostate cancer, has been extensively used as a target for imaging and therapy. Among the available PET radiotracers, the low molecular weight agents that bind to PSMA are proving particularly effective. We present the dosimetry results for F-DCFPyL in nine patients with metastatic prostate cancer.

A dextran-based probe for the targeted magnetic resonance imaging of tumours expressing prostate-specific membrane antigen.

Safe imaging agents able to render the expression and distribution of cancer receptors, enzymes or other biomarkers would facilitate clinical screening of the disease. Here, we show that diamagnetic dextran particles coordinated to a urea-based targeting ligand for prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) enable targeted magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the PSMA receptor. In a xenograft model of prostate cancer, micromolar concentrations of the dextran -ligand probe provided sufficient signal to specifically detect PSMA-expressing tumours via chemical exchange saturation transfer MRI.

Correction to: Comparison of two software systems for quantification of myocardial blood flow in patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy.

The following information is missing from the Funding footnote on the first page of the published article: "This study was partly funded by NIH RO1 HL092985." The last/corresponding author is incorrectly listed on the first page of the published article: The correct name is Abraham MR.

Feasibility Evaluation of Myocardial Cannabinoid Type 1 Receptor Imaging in Obesity: A Translational Approach.

Objectives: The aim of this study was to evaluate the feasibility of targeted imaging of myocardial cannabinoid type 1 receptor (CB1-R) and its potential up-regulation in obese mice with translation to humans using [C]-OMAR and positron emission tomography (PET)/computed tomography (CT).

Background: Activation of myocardial CB1-R by endocannabinoids has been implicated in cardiac dysfunction in diabetic mice. Obesity may lead to an up-regulation of myocardial CB1-R, potentially providing a mechanistic link between obesity and the initiation and/or progression of cardiomyopathy.

Translocator protein (TSPO) and stress cascades in mouse models of psychosis with inflammatory disturbances.

Changes in inflammatory cascades have been implicated in the underlying pathophysiology of psychosis. Translocator protein 18 kDa (TSPO) has been used to assess neuroinflammatory processes in psychotic disorders. Nonetheless, it is unclear whether TSPO, a mitochondrial protein, can be interpreted as a general marker for inflammation in diseases involving psychosis.

Comparison of two software systems for quantification of myocardial blood flow in patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy.

Backgorund: Quantification of myocardial blood flow (MBF) by positron emission tomography (PET) is important for investigation of angina in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM). Several software programs exist for MBF quantification, but they have been mostly evaluated in patients (with normal cardiac geometry), referred for evaluation of coronary artery disease (CAD). Software performance has not been evaluated in HCM patients who frequently have hyperdynamic LV function, LV outflow tract (LVOT) obstruction, small LV cavity size, and variation in the degree/location of LV hypertrophy.

Flare on Serial Prostate-Specific Membrane Antigen-Targeted 18F-DCFPyL PET/CT Examinations in Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer: First Observations.

A 71-year-old man with castration-resistant prostate cancer demonstrated a flare phenomenon on Tc-MDP and CT after 10 weeks of enzalutamide. Prostate-specific membrane antigen-targeted F-DCFPyL PET/CT demonstrated minimal uptake at sites of baseline bone and lymph node disease with increasing uptake at sites of osseous disease following therapy. Although this is likely related in part to decreased androgen receptor activity and a consequent increase in prostate-specific membrane antigen expression, other mechanisms (neovascularization, cell infiltration from the bone repair process, osteoblastic turnover, or minimal radiotracer impurity) may also be involved in causing the increased F-DCFPyL uptake at sites of osseous flare.

Phenols as Diamagnetic T -Exchange Magnetic Resonance Imaging Contrast Agents.

Although T -exchange (T ) NMR phenomena have been known for decades, there has been a resurgence of interest to develop T MRI contrast agents. One indispensable advantage of T MR agents is the possibility of using non-toxic and/or bio-compatible diamagnetic compounds with intermediate exchangeable protons. Herein a library of phenol-based compounds is screened and their T contrast (exchange relaxivity, r ) at 9.

Future cancer research priorities in the USA: a Lancet Oncology Commission.

We are in the midst of a technological revolution that is providing new insights into human biology and cancer. In this era of big data, we are amassing large amounts of information that is transforming how we approach cancer treatment and prevention. Enactment of the Cancer Moonshot within the 21st Century Cures Act in the USA arrived at a propitious moment in the advancement of knowledge, providing nearly US$2 billion of funding for cancer research and precision medicine.

Prostate-specific membrane antigen cleavage of vitamin B9 stimulates oncogenic signaling through metabotropic glutamate receptors.

Prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) or folate hydrolase 1 (FOLH1) is highly expressed on prostate cancer. Its expression correlates inversely with survival and increases with tumor grade. However, the biological role of PSMA has not been explored, and its role in prostate cancer remained elusive.

PSMA-RADS Version 1.0: A Step Towards Standardizing the Interpretation and Reporting of PSMA-targeted PET Imaging Studies.

The use of [F]- and [Ga]-labeled inhibitors of prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) for positron emission tomography (PET) imaging of prostate cancer is now widespread. We have proposed a reporting and data system called PSMA-RADS version 1.0, which is a framework for classifying PSMA-targeted PET scans and individual findings into categories that reflect the likelihood of the presence of prostate cancer.

Low levels of PSMA expression limit the utility of F-DCFPyL PET/CT for imaging urothelial carcinoma.

Objective: To explore the clinical utility of PSMA-targeted F-DCFPyL PET/CT in patients with metastatic urothelial carcinoma.

Methods: Three patients with metastatic urothelial carcinoma were imaged with F-DCFPyL PET/CT. All lesions with perceptible radiotracer uptake above background were considered positive.

Low-Level Endogenous PSMA Expression in Nonprostatic Tumor Xenografts Is Sufficient for In Vivo Tumor Targeting and Imaging.

Prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) is highly expressed in prostate cancer and within the neovasculature of other solid tumors. The nonprostatic expression of PSMA has been reported exclusively within the neovasculature endothelial cells of nonprostatic cancers; however, there are few reports on PSMA expression in epithelial cells. Herein, we describe PSMA expression in nonprostatic epithelial cells and characterize the potential of PSMA-binding agents to noninvasively detect that expression.

PEGylated TRAIL ameliorates experimental inflammatory arthritis by regulation of Th17 cells and regulatory T cells.

TNF-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) is a death ligand that can induce apoptosis in cells expressing its cognate death receptors (DRs). Previously, we demonstrated the therapeutic potential of recombinant human TRAIL in experimental rheumatoid arthritis (RA) models. However, the mechanisms of how DR-mediated apoptosis elicits these actions is not known.

The distribution of the alpha7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor in healthy aging: An in vivo positron emission tomography study with [F]ASEM.

Unlabelled: Altered function of the alpha7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (α7-nAChR) is implicated in several neuropsychiatric diseases. Nevertheless, studies of the human cerebral α7-nAChR even in healthy aging are limited in number and to postmortem tissue.

Methods: The distribution of the cerebral α7-nAChR was estimated in nine brain regions in 25 healthy volunteers (ages 21-86 years; median 57 years, interquartile range 52 years) using [F]ASEM with positron emission tomography (PET) imaging.

Nano-sized metabolic precursors for heterogeneous tumor-targeting strategy using bioorthogonal click chemistry in vivo.

Herein, we developed nano-sized metabolic precursors (Nano-MPs) for new tumor-targeting strategy to overcome the intrinsic limitations of biological ligands such as the limited number of biological receptors and the heterogeneity in tumor tissues. We conjugated the azide group-containing metabolic precursors, triacetylated N-azidoacetyl-d-mannosamine to generation 4 poly(amidoamine) dendrimer backbone. The nano-sized dendrimer of Nano-MPs could generate azide groups on the surface of tumor cells homogeneously regardless of cell types via metabolic glycoengineering.