Association of tracheal placodes with leg primordia in Drosophila and implications for the origin of insect tracheal systems.

Adaptation to diverse habitats has prompted the development of distinct organs in different animals to better exploit their living conditions. This is the case for the respiratory organs of arthropods, ranging from tracheae in terrestrial insects to gills in aquatic crustaceans. Although Drosophila tracheal development has been studied extensively, the origin of the tracheal system has been a long-standing mystery.

Experiences with the French Aging Males' Symptoms (AMS) scale.

Introduction: The aim of this paper is to report on experiences gained from the application of the French version of the Aging Males' Symptoms (AMS) scale, to show correlations with other relevant scales and to provide population reference values for France.

Methods: A representative survey based on an existing, representative population panel was performed in France (963 males, aged 15 + years). Other AMS data from Europe were then used for comparison.

An 8-bp deletion in mNOTCH4 intron 10 leads to its retention in mRNA and to synthesis of a truncated protein.

Notch signaling participates in the development of multicellular organisms by maintaining self-renewal potential or inducing differentiation of numerous tissues. In this study, we characterized Notch4, the evolutionary most distant and least studied Notch family member. We identified a Notch4 inter-strain polymorphism with a previously undescribed mRNA variant.

The French Aging Males' Symptoms (AMS) scale: methodological review.

Background: The AMS is an internationally used health-related quality of life (HRQoL) scale. The aim of this paper is to provide evidence that the French AMS scale measures HRQoL are as valid as other language versions. We also intend to show whether the application of AMS is really limited to aging males only or not.

Direction of causation modeling between cross-sectional measures of parenting and psychological distress in female twins.

Under certain conditions, cross-sectional analysis of cross-twin intertrait correlations can provide important information about the direction of causation (DOC) between two variables. A community-based sample of Australian female twins aged 18 to 45 years was mailed an extensive Health and Lifestyle Questionnaire (HLQ) that covered a wide range of personality and behavioral measures. Included were self-report measures of recent psychological distress and perceived childhood environment (PBI).

Orofacial reaction to methacrylates in dental materials: a clinical report.

This clinical report presents an unusual response of acute gingivostomatitis caused by contact sensitivity to the methacrylate compounds present in a dental restorative material.

Hygroscopic expansion and solubility of composite restoratives.

Objective: To quantify the changes of dimension (vol%), weight (microgram/mm(3)) and the solubility (microgram/mm(3)) of dental composite restorative materials after a period of 64 days immersed in de-ionized water or artificial saliva.

Method: Six resin-based composite restorative materials were investigated. An organically modified ceramic (Definite((R))), an ion-leaching composite (Ariston pHc((R))), two high-density packable composites (Solitaire((R)) and SureFil((R))) and two sub-micron hybrid composites (Pertac II((R)) and Spectrum TPH((R))).

Building anticipatory postural adjustment during childhood: a kinematic and electromyographic analysis of unloading in children from 4 to 8 years of age.

The present study addressed the question of how do anticipatory postural adjustments (APA) develop during childhood, in the range from 4 to 8 years, during a bimanual load-lifting task. This task required maintaining the stabilisation of the forearm position despite imposed or voluntary unloading of the forearm. Elbow angle and multiple surface EMG were recorded on the child postural forearm supporting a load.