First proton radiography of an animal patient.

The purpose of this work is to show the feasibility of proton radiography in terms of radiation dose, imaging speed, image quality (density and spatial resolution), and image content under clinical conditions. Protons with 214 MeV energy can penetrate through most patients and were used for imaging. The measured residual range (or energy) of the protons behind the patient was subtracted from the range without an object in the beam path and used to create a projected image.

The water equivalence of solid materials used for dosimetry with small proton beams.

Various solid materials are used instead of water for absolute dosimetry with small proton beams. This may result in a dose measurement different to that in water, even when the range of protons in the phantom material is considered correctly. This dose difference is caused by the diverse cross sections for inelastic nuclear scattering in water and in the phantom materials respectively.