Influence of antibody-drug conjugate cleavability, drug-to-antibody ratio, and free payload concentration on systemic toxicities: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

While in theory antibody drug conjugates (ADCs) deliver high-dose chemotherapy directly to target cells, numerous side effects are observed in clinical practice. We sought to determine the effect of linker design (cleavable versus non-cleavable), drug-to-antibody ratio (DAR), and free payload concentration on systemic toxicity. Two systematic reviews were performed via PubMed search of clinical trials published between January 1998-July 2022.

"Craniometric and Volumetric Analyses of Normocephalic and Scaphocephalic Patients with Nonsyndromic Single-Suture Sagittal Craniosynostosis".

Purpose: Non-syndromic single-suture sagittal craniosynostosis presentation spans scaphocephalic and normocephalic head shapes. Herein, we studied craniometric differences between scaphocephalic and normocephalic patients with sagittal synostosis.

Methods: Head CT scans of 20 scaphocephalic and 20 normocephalic sagittal synostosis patients and their age- and sex-matched controls were analyzed, including cranial base angles, distances-from-midline, and intracranial volumes.

Geo-demographic trends in nontraumatic subarachnoid hemorrhage-related mortality among older adults in the United States, 1999-2020.

Introduction: Nontraumatic subarachnoid hemorrhage (ntSAH) often results from a ruptured aneurysm and correlates with significant morbidity and mortality, particularly among the older population. Despite its impact, limited comprehensive studies evaluate the longitudinal trends in ntSAH-related mortality in older adults in the United States (US).

Methods: The authors conducted a retrospective analysis using the CDC WONDER database from 1999 to 2020, analyzing Multiple Cause-of-Death Public Use death certificates to identify ntSAH as a contributing factor in the death of adults aged 65 years and older.

Epidemiologic Assessment of Craniosynostosis in Mississippi's Pediatric Population from 2015 to 2020.

Objectives: This study aimed to report geographic and demographic patterns of patients with craniosynostosis (CS) treated at Children's of Mississippi, the state's only American Cleft Palate-Craniofacial Association-approved craniofacial team.

Methods: Patients with CS were treated at a tertiary pediatric hospital cared for by craniofacial surgeons and neurosurgeons from 2015 to 2020. Demographic, geographic, and CS diagnosis details, including sex, gestational age, race, ethnicity, insurance status, and affected cranial suture type(s), number, and associated syndromic diagnosis were collected, including birth county and total live births from state data.

Navigating Viral Gastroenteritis: Epidemiological Trends, Pathogen Analysis, and Histopathological Findings.

Background: Gastroenteritis is a common cause of morbidity and mortality globally. Its cause encompasses a spectrum of agents, including viruses, bacteria, parasites, toxins, and drugs. Viruses account for a considerable portion of gastroenteritis cases across all age groups, typically presenting with symptoms like nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, dehydration, anorexia, and weight loss.

Epidemiologic Trends of Cleft Lip and Palate in a Southern State: A 30-Year Follow-Up.

Objectives: Children's of Mississippi at the University of Mississippi Medical Center serves as the state's only American Cleft Palate-Craniofacial Association-approved cleft team at the only pediatric hospital in the state. The goal of this study is to report geographic and demographic patterns of patients with orofacial cleft (OFC) treated at Children's of Mississippi, which are lacking.

Methods: Patients with OFC treated at Children's of Mississippi from 2015 to 2020 were included.

Educational Limitations of ChatGPT in Neurosurgery Board Preparation.

Objective This study evaluated the potential of Chat Generative Pre-trained Transformer (ChatGPT) as an educational tool for neurosurgery residents preparing for the American Board of Neurological Surgery (ABNS) primary examination. Methods Non-imaging questions from the Congress of Neurological Surgeons (CNS) Self-Assessment in Neurological Surgery (SANS) online question bank were input into ChatGPT. Accuracy was evaluated and compared to human performance across subcategories.

The Evolution of Hand Injuries at a State's Only Level I Trauma Center: A Look From the 1980s Through the Global Pandemic.

Background: The purpose of this study is to evaluate any changes to hand trauma in the past three decades and through the COVID-19 pandemic. We hypothesized that improved consumer safety regulations, changes in access to care, and the impact of a global pandemic, among other variables, have significantly influenced the mechanisms and treatment of hand injuries between the 1980s, 2010s (pre-COVID-19), and 2020s (post-COVID-19).

Methods: A retrospective single-center review was performed at the only level I trauma center in Mississippi, identifying all hand trauma consultations between 2012-2019 and 2020-2021, compared to aggregated data from 1989.

Characteristics and Risk Factors for Rhegmatogenous Retinal Detachment Related to Endophthalmitis.

To evaluate the risk factors for the development of concurrent or delayed-onset rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (RRD) related to endophthalmitis as well as the anatomic and visual outcomes with subsequent RRD repair. In this retrospective case study, a 2-tailed test (continuous) and Fisher exact test were used to determine statistical significance of the observed findings. The relative risk (RR) and 95% CIs were calculated to assess statistical significance.

Unsupervised machine learning models reveal predictive clinical markers of glioblastoma patient survival using white blood cell counts prior to initiating chemoradiation.

Background: Glioblastoma is a malignant brain tumor requiring careful clinical monitoring even after primary management. Personalized medicine has suggested the use of various molecular biomarkers as predictors of patient prognosis or factors utilized for clinical decision-making. However, the accessibility of such molecular testing poses a constraint for various institutes requiring identification of low-cost predictive biomarkers to ensure equitable care.

Trends in Demographic and Geographic Disparities in Stroke Mortality Among Older Adults in the United States.

Background: Stroke is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in the United States among older adults. However, the impact of demographic and geographic risk factors remains ambiguous. A clear understanding of these associations and updated trends in stroke mortality can influence health policies and interventions.

Plastic Surgery: Beware the Candle Burning at Both Ends.

Background: Plastic surgery dates back to 800 BC, where forehead flaps were used to reconstruct noses in India. Today, it is one of the most romanticized fields in medicine. Due to the influence of social media, there has never been a larger spotlight.

Timing of venous thromboemboli in patients with acetabular and pelvic ring fractures.

Purpose: To determine the timing of symptomatic venous thromboemboli (VTE) in patients sustaining a pelvic and/or acetabular fracture. Secondly, to evaluate for any factors that may influence this timing.

Methods: A retrospective cohort of 47 patients with acetabular and/or pelvic ring injuries who developed VTEs at a single academic level I trauma center were identified from 2012 to 2018.

Subdermal Plexus Density as It Relates to Obesity and Wound Complications in Patients Undergoing Reduction Mammaplasty.

Background: Reduction mammaplasty is one of the most common reconstructive procedures performed in plastic surgery. Multiple comorbidities play a role in postoperative wound healing complications; however, there are insufficient data on the subdermal plexus (SDP) as it relates to these comorbidities. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the relationship between body mass index (BMI) and SDP of the superficial breast tissues and examine the association between SDP and postoperative complications.

Changes in Cerebrovascular Procedures and Outcomes During COVID-19 Using the National Surgery Quality Improvement Project.

Objective: Explore the consequences of the coronavirus pandemic (COVID-19) on patients suffering from cerebrovascular disorders necessitating interventions.

Methods: Using the National Surgical Quality Improvement Program database, patients with cerebrovascular disease who underwent procedures before (2018-2019) and during (2020-2021) COVID-19 were identified. ICD-10 and Current Procedure Terminology codes were employed to classify diseases and elective cases, respectively.

The association between bone mineral density and proximal junctional kyphosis in adult spinal deformity: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Objective: Proximal junctional kyphosis (PJK) is a complication of surgical management for adult spinal deformity (ASD) with a multifactorial etiology. Many risk factors are controversial, and their relative importance is not fully understood. The authors aimed to elucidate the association between bone mineral density (BMD) and PJK.

Side-firing intraoperative ultrasound applied to resection of pituitary macroadenomas and giant adenomas: A single-center retrospective case-control study.

Introduction: Multiple intraoperative navigation and imaging modalities are currently available as an adjunct to endoscopic transsphenoidal resection of pituitary adenomas, including intraoperative CT and MRI, fluorescence guidance, and neuronavigation. However, these imaging techniques have several limitations, including intraoperative tissue shift, lack of availability in some centers, and the increased cost and time associated with their use. The side-firing intraoperative ultrasound (IOUS) probe is a relatively new technology in endoscopic endonasal surgery that may help overcome these obstacles.

Management of pediatric sternal wounds following congenital heart surgery: The role of the plastic surgeon in debridement and closure.

Background: Management of sternal wound infections (SWIs) in pediatric patients following congenital heart surgery can be extremely difficult. Patients with congenital cardiac conditions are at risk for complications such as sternal dehiscence, infection, and cardiopulmonary compromise. In this study, we report a single-institution experience with pediatric SWIs.

A Multi-Center Comparison of Orthopaedic Attending and Resident Learning Styles.

Objective: Effective education of orthopedic residents requires an understanding of how they process information. To date however no literature has described resident learning styles based on the updated Kolb Learning Style Inventory (KLSI) v4.0.

What Role do Mitochondria Have in Diastolic Dysfunction? Implications for Diabetic Cardiomyopathy and Heart Failure With Preserved Ejection Function.

Diastolic dysfunction is common to both diabetic cardiomyopathy and heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF). Although commonly attributed to increased fibrosis, alterations in mitochondrial function and associated Ca2+ handling may contribute to impaired cardiac function. With mitochondrial dysfunction, increased reactive oxygen species (ROS), inflammation, and decreased adenosine triphosphate/adenosine diphosphate ratio may lead to increased extracellular matrix and diminished contractile relaxation.

Negative Pressure Wound Therapy in Facilitating Wound Healing After Surgical Decompression for Metastatic Spine Disease.

Background: The risk of wound-related complications, including surgical site infections (SSIs), in patients undergoing surgery for metastatic spine disease (MSD) is high. Consequently, patients requiring wound revision surgery face delay in resuming oncological care and incur additional hospitalization. Recent reports suggest that negative pressure wound therapy (NPWT) applied on a closed wound at the time of surgery significantly reduces postoperative wound complications in degenerative spine disease and trauma setting.

The rapid diagnosis and effective inhibition of coronavirus using spike antibody attached gold nanoparticles.

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the cause of the coronavirus disease that began in 2019 (COVID-19), has been responsible for 1.4 million deaths worldwide as of 13 November 2020. Because at the time of writing no vaccine is yet available, a rapid diagnostic assay is very urgently needed.

Multifocal Xanthoma of Bone.

We report a case of a 40-year-old woman with hyperlipidemia and associated multifocal xanthoma of bone requiring prophylactic fixation of her bilateral femurs. Although xanthomas of bone are themselves a benign process, their presence may indicate that the patient has poorly controlled lipids and is at an increased risk of cardiovascular disease. Lytic lesions may require prophylactic fixation to prevent pathologic fracture.

Aptamer Conjugated Gold Nanostar-Based Distance-Dependent Nanoparticle Surface Energy Transfer Spectroscopy for Ultrasensitive Detection and Inactivation of Corona Virus.

The ongoing outbreak of the coronavirus infection has killed more than 2 million people. Herein, we demonstrate that Rhodamine 6G (Rh-6G) dye conjugated DNA aptamer-attached gold nanostar (GNS)-based distance-dependent nanoparticle surface energy transfer (NSET) spectroscopy has the capability of rapid diagnosis of specific SARS-CoV-2 spike recombinant antigen or SARS-CoV-2 spike protein pseudotyped baculovirus within 10 min. Because Rh-6G-attached single-stand DNA aptamer wrapped the GNS, 99% dye fluorescence was quenched because of the NSET process.

Effective Inhibition of SARS-CoV-2 Entry by Heparin and Enoxaparin Derivatives.

Severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has caused a pandemic of historic proportions and continues to spread globally, with enormous consequences to human health. Currently there is no vaccine, effective therapeutic, or prophylactic. As with other betacoronaviruses, attachment and entry of SARS-CoV-2 are mediated by the spike glycoprotein (SGP).