Sexually transmitted infections among at-risk women in Ecuador: implications for global prevalence and testing practices for STIs detected only at the anorectum in female sex workers.

Objectives: Anorectal sexually transmitted infections (STIs) such as (CT) and (NG), present treatment challenges, potentially increase antibiotic resistance selection and if undetected may facilitate onward transmission. However, there are limited global prevalence data for anorectal STIs. We conducted a cross-sectional study to assess the prevalence and risk factors of non-viral genital and extragenital STIs in female sex workers (FSW) and female non-sex workers (NSW) in Ecuador.

Sociodemographic factors associated with the success or failure of anti-tuberculosis treatment in the Chiapas Highlands, Mexico, 2019-2022.

Objective: To estimate the incidence rate of tuberculosis (TB) in the Highlands (Tsotsil-Tseltal) region of Chiapas and to analyze sociodemographic factors that might influence the success of anti-TB treatment from the period of January 2019 to June 2022.

Methods: Retrospective study in which the TB databases of the National Epidemiological Surveillance System (SINAVE) were analyzed. TB incidence rates were calculated based on the number of registered TB cases and estimated annual populations.

[Time in therapeutic range and incidence of warfarin complications in a 20-year retrospective cohort].

Objective: To characterize the time in therapeutic range (TTR) and estimate the incidence rate of complications (PTIRc) in adults with warfarin protocol.

Design: Retrospective cohort based on medical records of patients older than 18years, between 1996 and 2016 and followed for at least three months. SITE: Hematology unit of a Venezuelan specialized cardiovascular center.

Trace element contents in fine particulate matter (PM) in urban school microenvironments near a contaminated beach with mine tailings, Chañaral, Chile.

Air quality in schools is an important public health issue because children spend a considerable part of their daily life in classrooms. Particulate size and chemical composition has been associated with negative health effects. We studied levels of trace element concentrations in fine particulate matter (PM) in indoor versus outdoor school settings from six schools in Chañaral, a coastal city with a beach severely polluted with mine tailings.

The burden of cardiovascular morbidity in a European Mediterranean population with multimorbidity: a cross-sectional study.

Background: Cardiovascular diseases are highly represented in multimorbidity patterns. Nevertheless, few studies have analysed the burden of these diseases in the population with multimorbidity. The objective of this study was to identify and describe the cardiovascular diseases among the patients with multimorbidity.

Conformance contrast testing between rates of pulmonary tuberculosis in Ecuadorian border areas.

Objective: To estimate rates of cases of respiratory symptomatic subjects and the incidence rate of pulmonary tuberculosis in two border areas of Ecuador, and contrast them with official figures.

Materials And Methods: Cross-sectional survey in the southeastern (SEBA), and the Andean southern Ecuadorian border areas (ASBA), which were conducted, respectively, in 1 598 and 2 419 persons aged over 15 years recruited over periods of three weeks. In identified respiratory symptomatic cases, a sputum sample was taken for smear testing.

Conceptual and methodological aspects in the study of hospitalizations for ambulatory care sensitive conditions.

Hospitalization rates for Ambulatory Care Sensitive Conditions have been used to assess effectiveness of the first level of health care. From a critical analysis of related concepts, we discuss principles for selecting a list of codes and, taking the example of the Brazilian Family Health Program, propose a methodological pathway for identifying variables in order to inform statistical models of analysis. We argue that for the indicator to be comparable between regions, disease codes should be selected based on sensitivity and specificity principles, not on observed disease frequency.

Pulmonary tuberculosis infection among workers in the informal public transport sector in Lima, Peru.

Background: Because a strong association was observed between pulmonary tuberculosis (TB) and the use of public transport, increasing with duration of journey, a study was carried out to assess infection by Mycobacterium tuberculosis and working conditions among workers in this sector.

Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted between June and September 2008. A total of 104 workers from two public transport minibus ('combi') cooperatives covering marginal areas of the Ate-Vitarte district in Lima were interviewed.

Family Health Program and ambulatory care-sensitive conditions in Southern Brazil.

Objective: Ambulatory care-sensitive conditions (ACSC) are health problems managed by actions at the first level of care. The need for hospitalization by these causes is avoidable through an effective and proper primary health care. The objective of the study was to estimate ACSC among patients hospitalized by the Sistema Unico de Saúde (Brazilian Health System).