Cap Polyposis: An Elusive Diagnosis in a Pediatric Patient Successfully Managed With Endoscopic Treatment.

Cap polyposis is a rare condition of the rectum or sigmoid colon manifested by inflammatory polyps covered by a thick layer of fibrinopurulent mucus. This condition typically presents as mucoid diarrhea and rectal bleeding, and patients are often prescribed antibiotics (such as those for ), steroids, infliximab, or aminosalicylates. Surgical management is an option for unresponsive disease, but endoscopic management has been rarely reported.

Endoscopic ultrasound-guided liver biopsy in pediatric patients.

Endoscopic ultrasound (EUS) is routinely used for diagnostic and therapeutic purposes in adults, and there is emerging literature on its feasibility and safety in children. A recent novel application is EUS-guided liver biopsy (EUS-LB), which has shown to be technically simple, safe, and provides adequate diagnostic yield in adults for evaluation of liver disease; but the use of EUS-LB has never been evaluated in the pediatric population. We report the first case series of EUS-LB in the pediatric population, performed on 3 children, 1 girl and 2 boys-ages 9, 14 and 17 respectively, using a 19-gauge EUS-fine needle aspiration needle.