Measuring the impact of pharmaceutical care bundle delivery on patient outcomes: an observational study.

Background: Clinical pharmacists perform activities to optimise medicines use and prevent patient harm. Historically, clinical pharmacy quality indicators have measured individual activities not linked to patient outcomes.

Aim: To determine the proportion of patients who receive a pharmaceutical care bundle (PCB) (consisting of a medication history, medication review, discharge medication list and medicines information on the discharge summary) as well as investigate the relationship between delivery of this PCB and patient outcomes.

Defining quality indicators, pharmaceutical care bundles and outcomes of clinical pharmacy service delivery using a Delphi consensus approach.

Background: Clinical pharmacy quality indicators are often non-uniform and measure individual activities not linked to outcomes.

Aim: To define a consensus agreed pharmaceutical care bundle and patient outcome measures across an entire state health service.

Method: A four-round modified-Delphi approach with state Directors of Pharmacy was performed (n = 25).