Response surface modeling of the interaction between propofol and sevoflurane.

Background: Propofol and sevoflurane display additivity for gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor activation, loss of consciousness, and tolerance of skin incision. Information about their interaction regarding electroencephalographic suppression is unavailable. This study examined this interaction as well as the interaction on the probability of tolerance of shake and shout and three noxious stimulations by using a response surface methodology.

On-line estimation of propofol pharmacodynamic parameters.

A novel advisory system, the Anesthesia Advisory Display (AAD) has been recently developed. It displays information about actual and future predictions of anesthetic drug concentrations mapped to clinical end-points such as BIS, basing on the actual infusion rate combined with population pharmacokinetic and interaction pharmacodynamic (PKPD) models. According to the large variability observed among patients in clinical end-points to the same dosing history, a population model could fail in predicting the real patient's behavior: an "individualized" model is then necessary.