Stimulated C2C12 Myotube Headspace Volatile Organic Compound Analysis.

Understanding exercise metabolism and the relationship with volatile organic compounds (VOCs) holds potential in both health care and sports performance. Exercise metabolism can be investigated using whole body exercise testing () or through the culture and subsequent electrical pulse stimulation (EPS) of myotubes (). This research investigates the novel headspace (HS) analysis of EPS skeletal muscle myotubes.

The Potential of Fish Oil Components and Manuka Honey in Tackling Chronic Wound Treatment.

Chronic wounds are becoming an increasing burden on healthcare services, as they have extended healing times and are susceptible to infection, with many failing to heal, which can lead ultimately to amputation. Due to the additional rise in antimicrobial resistance and emergence of difficult-to-treat , , , , , and spp. (ESKAPE pathogens), novel treatments will soon be required asides from traditional antibiotics.

The Antimicrobial and Antibiofilm Abilities of Fish Oil Derived Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids and Manuka Honey.

Both honey and fish oil have been historically used in medicine and identified as having antimicrobial properties. Although analyses of the substances have identified different components within them, it is not fully understood how these components interact and contribute to the observed effect. With the increase in multi-drug resistant strains of bacteria found in infections, new treatment options are needed.

Understanding the effectiveness of different exercise training programme designs on V̇O in COPD: a component network meta-analysis.

Pulmonary rehabilitation programmes including aerobic training improve cardiorespiratory fitness in patients with COPD, but the optimal programme design is unclear. We used random effects additive component network meta-analysis to investigate the relative effectiveness of different programme components on fitness measured by V̇O in COPD. The included 59 studies involving 2191 participants demonstrated that V̇O increased after aerobic training of at least moderate intensity with the greatest improvement seen following high intensity training.

Impacts of Eccentric Resistance Exercise on DNA Methylation of Candidate Genes for Inflammatory Cytokines in Skeletal Muscle and Leukocytes of Healthy Males.

Physical inactivity and a poor diet increase systemic inflammation, while chronic inflammation can be reduced through exercise and nutritional interventions. The mechanisms underlying the impacts of lifestyle interventions on inflammation remain to be fully explained; however, epigenetic modifications may be critical. The purpose of our study was to investigate the impacts of eccentric resistance exercise and fatty acid supplementation on DNA methylation and mRNA expression of and in skeletal muscle and leukocytes.

The Impact of a Graded Maximal Exercise Protocol on Exhaled Volatile Organic Compounds: A Pilot Study.

Exhaled volatile organic compounds (VOCs) are of interest due to their minimally invasive sampling procedure. Previous studies have investigated the impact of exercise, with evidence suggesting that breath VOCs reflect exercise-induced metabolic activity. However, these studies have yet to investigate the impact of maximal exercise to exhaustion on breath VOCs, which was the main aim of this study.

Volatile atmospheric pressure chemical ionisation mass spectrometry headspace analysis of and .

Identifying the characteristics of bacterial species can improve treatment outcomes and mass spectrometry methods have been shown to be capable of identifying biomarkers of bacterial species. This study is the first to use volatile atmospheric pressure chemical ionisation mass spectrometry to directly and non-invasively analyse the headspace of and bacterial cultures, enabling major biological classification at species level (Gram negative/positive respectively). Four different protocols were used to collect data, three utilising discrete 5 min samples taken between 2 and 96 h after inoculation and one method employing 24 h continuous sampling.

The effect of body position and mass centre velocity at toe off on the start performance of elite swimmers and how this differs between gender.

The start in swimming is a crucial phase of a race, where improvements in performance can be made. Twenty-four elite swimmers race pace starts were recorded from five above and below water 50 Hz video cameras. Body position at toe off was calculated from the recordings and consisted of the two-dimensional mass centre position at toe off, and the arm, trunk, front leg and rear leg angles.

DNA methylation of tumour necrosis factor (TNF) alpha gene is associated with specific blood fatty acid levels in a gender-specific manner.

Background: Fatty acids, specifically polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) play an important role in inflammation and its resolution, however, their interaction with the epigenome is relatively unexplored. Here we investigate the relationship between circulating blood fatty acids and the DNA methylation of the cytokine encoding gene tumour necrosis factor (TNF, OMIM 191160).

Methods: Using a cross-sectional study approach, we collected blood samples from adults (N=88 (30 males, 58 females); 18-74 years old) for DNA methylation pyrosequencing analysis at four sites in TNF exon 1 and gas-chromatography mass-spectrometry analysis of the fatty acid profile of dried blood spots (DBS).

Submaximal Eccentric Cycling in People With COPD: Acute Whole-Body Cardiopulmonary and Muscle Metabolic Responses.

Background: Eccentric cycling (ECC) may be an attractive exercise method in COPD because of both low cardiorespiratory demand and perception of effort compared with conventional concentric cycling (CON) at matched mechanical loads. However, it is unknown whether ECC can be performed by individuals with COPD at an intensity able to cause sufficient metabolic stress to improve aerobic capacity.

Research Question: What are the cardiopulmonary and metabolic responses to ECC in people with COPD and healthy volunteers when compared with CON at matched mechanical loads?

Study Design And Methods: Thirteen people with COPD (mean ± SD age, 64 ± 9 years; FEV, 45 ± 19% predicted; BMI, 24 ± 4 kg/m; oxygen uptake at peak exercise [V̇O], 15 ± 3 mL/kg/min) and 9 age-matched control participants (FEV, 102 ± 13% predicted; BMI, 28 ± 5 kg/m; V̇O, 23 ± 5 mL/kg/min), performed up to six 4-min bouts of ECC and CON at matched mechanical loads of increasing intensity.

Change in V˙O in Response to Aerobic Exercise Training and the Relationship With Exercise Prescription in People With COPD: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.

Background: Despite the wide-ranging benefits of pulmonary rehabilitation, conflicting results remain regarding whether people with COPD can improve their peak oxygen uptake (V˙O with aerobic training.

Research Question: The goal of this study was to investigate the effect of aerobic training and exercise prescription on V˙O in COPD.

Study Design And Methods: A systematic review was performed by using MEDLINE, Embase, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature, and Cochrane databases for all studies measuring V˙O prior to and following supervised lower-limb aerobic training in COPD.

Circulating biomarkers of antioxidant status and oxidative stress in people with cystic fibrosis: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Introduction: Oxidative stress may play an important role in the pathophysiology of cystic fibrosis (CF). This review aimed to quantify CF-related redox imbalances.

Methods: Systematic searches of the Medline, CINAHL, CENTRAL and PsycINFO databases were conducted.

Evidence for alternative exhaled elimination profiles of disinfection by-products and potential markers of airway responses to swimming in a chlorinated pool environment.

Chlorine-based disinfectants protect pool water from pathogen contamination but produce potentially harmful halogenated disinfection by-products (DBPs). This study characterized the bioaccumulation and elimination of exhaled DBPs post-swimming and investigated changes in exhaled breath profiles associated with chlorinated pool exposure. Nineteen participants provided alveolar-enriched breath samples prior to and 5, 90, 300, 510, and 600 minutes post-swimming.

Health-related motivational and behavioral processes associated with DNA methylation of the TNF gene.

Objective: Epigenetics has been described as one of the most exciting areas of contemporary biology, and research has begun to explore whether epigenetic modifications are influenced by psychological processes. The present research explored the associations of health-related motivation and behavior with the DNA methylation of tumor necrosis factor () gene.

Method: Participants ( = 88) completed questionnaires examining engagement with health-related behavior (i.

Indium-Mediated 2-Oxonia Cope Rearrangement of 1,4-Dienols to 1,3-Dienols.

An indium-mediated isomerization of 1,4-dienols to 1,3-dienols is described. This procedure consists of the addition of pentadienylindium, in a protic solvent, to aldehydes giving the kinetic γ-allylation product in high yields. The subsequent conversion of this γ-allylation product to its thermodynamic 1,3-dienol α-isomer can be achieved by its exposure to indium triflate in the presence of a substoichiometric amount of aldehyde at room temperature.

Breath selection methods for compact mass spectrometry breath analysis.

Unlabelled: Compact mass spectrometry (CMS) is a versatile and transportable analytical instrument that has the potential to be used in clinical settings to quickly and non-invasively detect a wide range of relevant conditions from breath samples. The purpose of this study is to optimise data preprocessing protocols by three proposed methods of breath sampling, using the CMS. It also lays out a general framework for which data processing methods can be evaluated.

Characterization of extracellular redox enzyme concentrations in response to exercise in humans.

Redox enzymes modulate intracellular redox balance and are secreted in response to cellular oxidative stress, potentially modulating systemic inflammation. Both aerobic and resistance exercise are known to cause acute systemic oxidative stress and inflammation; however, how redox enzyme concentrations alter in extracellular fluids following bouts of either type of exercise is unknown. Recreationally active men ( = 26, mean ± SD: age 28 ± 8 yr) took part in either: 1) two separate energy-matched cycling bouts: one of moderate intensity (MOD) and a bout of high intensity interval exercise (HIIE) or 2) an eccentric-based resistance exercise protocol (RES).

Impact of aerobic exercise and fatty acid supplementation on global and gene-specific DNA methylation.

Lifestyle interventions, including exercise and dietary supplementation, can modify DNA methylation and exert health benefits; however, the underlying mechanisms are poorly understood. Here we investigated the impact of acute aerobic exercise and the supplementation of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFA) and extra virgin olive oil (EVOO) on global and gene-specific (PPARGC1A, IL6 and TNF) DNA methylation, and DNMT mRNA expression in leukocytes of disease-free individuals. Eight trained male cyclists completed an exercise test before and after a four-week supplementation of n-3 PUFA and EVOO in a double-blind, randomised, repeated measures design.

Resolvin E1 (R E ) attenuates LPS induced inflammation and subsequent atrophy in C2C12 myotubes.

Resolution of inflammation is now known to be an active process which in part is instigated and controlled by specialized pro-resolving lipid mediators (SPM's) derived from dietary omega-3 fatty acids. Resolvin E1 (R E ) is one of these SPM's derived from the omega-3 fatty acid eicosapentaenoic acid. Using both molecular and phenotypic functional measures we report that in a model of Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) induced inflammation, R E attenuated mRNA levels of both interlukin-6 and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 whilst having no effect on tumor necrosis factor-α or interlukin-1β in C2C12 skeletal muscle myotubes.

Genetic association of pro-inflammatory cytokine gene polymorphisms with coronary artery disease (CAD) in a North Indian population.

Background: Cytokines regulate the expression of inflammatory molecules which destabilize the atheromatic plaques. This study focuses on studying the association of inflammatory cytokine polymorphisms like TNF-α -308 (G/A), TNF-β +252 (A/G), IL-6 -174 (G/C) and IL-6 -597 (G/A), and IFN-ɣ +874 (T/A) with coronary artery disease (CAD) among north Indian patients.

Materials And Methods: 143 CAD and 137 normal healthy controls were recruited in this study.

A biosynthetically inspired route to substituted furans using the Appel reaction: total synthesis of the furan fatty acid F.

Appel reaction conditions have been harnessed to affect a mild biosynthetically inspired dehydration of endoperoxides to deliver multi-substituted electron rich furans. Unlike traditional dehydrative procedures, this method is metal and acid free, and can be achieved under redox neutral conditions. It is general for a range of aryl and alkyl substituted endoperoxides, and is functional group tolerant.

Real-time monitoring of exhaled volatiles using atmospheric pressure chemical ionization on a compact mass spectrometer.

Aim: Breath analyses have potential to detect early signs of disease onset. Ambient ionization allows direct combination of breath gases with MS for fast, on-line analysis. Portable MS systems would facilitate field/clinic-based breath analyses.

n-3 Fatty acids and asthma.

Asthma is one of the most common and prevalent problems worldwide affecting over 300 million individuals. There is some evidence from observational and intervention studies to suggest a beneficial effect of n-3 PUFA in inflammatory diseases, specifically asthma. Marine-based n-3 PUFA have therefore been proposed as a possible complementary/alternative therapy for asthma.