On preserving a legacy: Paul Lerner and the Menninger Rorschach tradition.

Paul Lerner's contributions to the Rorschach test were rooted in a psychoanalytic approach to diagnostic testing that began with David Rapaport at the Menninger Clinic in the 1940s. This article reviews the work of Rapaport, Roy Schafer, and their heirs and shows how Lerner's career was devoted to advancing that tradition and assuring its continuing relevance.

Concepts of development and the Rorschach: the contributions of Paul Lerner and John Exner in historical context.

The Rorschach Test has been approached from 3 fundamentally different developmental perspectives: those growing out of the empiricist tradition, psychoanalysis, and the developmental psychologies of Piaget and Werner. In this article, I highlight the distinctive characteristics of each perspective, explore how they have shaped approaches to Rorschach theory and practice, and examine the contributions of Paul Lerner and John Exner in this context.

Residential treatment of children and adolescents: past, present, and future.

This paper reviews the history of residential treatment, examines the central concepts that define the therapeutic modality, and shows how those concepts provide means of addressing criticisms that have been raised about it in the past and adapting residential programs to meet challenges facing them in the future.