Ancient Sheep Genomes Reveal Four Millennia of North European Short-Tailed Sheep in the Baltic Sea Region.

Sheep are among the earliest domesticated livestock species, with a wide variety of breeds present today. However, it remains unclear how far back this diversity goes, with formal documentation only dating back a few centuries. North European short-tailed (NEST) breeds are often assumed to be among the oldest domestic sheep populations, even thought to represent relicts of the earliest sheep expansions during the Neolithic period reaching Scandinavia <6,000 years ago.

Risk of treatment-altering haematological toxicity and its dependence on bone marrow doses in peptide receptor radionuclide therapy.

Background: Peptide receptor radionuclide therapy is effective in treating neuroendocrine tumours, but treatment may be limited by kidney and bone marrow toxicity. In this work, the absorbed dose burden to the bone marrow was estimated using image-based dosimetry and its potential use for predicting treatment-altering toxicity was studied. Peripheral blood samples taken before and after 229 treatments with Lu-DOTATATE in 59 patients were studied.

Voxel-Wise Brain Graphs From Diffusion MRI: Intrinsic Eigenspace Dimensionality and Application to Functional MRI.

Structural brain graphs are conventionally limited to defining nodes as gray matter regions from an atlas, with edges reflecting the density of axonal projections between pairs of nodes. Here we explicitly model the entire set of voxels within a brain mask as nodes of high-resolution, subject-specific graphs. We define the strength of local voxel-to-voxel connections using diffusion tensors and orientation distribution functions derived from diffusion MRI data.

Inhaled ciclesonide in adults hospitalised with COVID-19: a randomised controlled open-label trial (HALT COVID-19).

Objective: To assess the efficacy of inhaled ciclesonide in reducing the duration of oxygen therapy (an indicator of time to clinical improvement) among adults hospitalised with COVID-19.

Design: Multicentre, randomised, controlled, open-label trial.

Setting: 9 hospitals (3 academic hospitals and 6 non-academic hospitals) in Sweden between 1 June 2020 and 17 May 2021.

Hypoglycemia after exposure of diclofenac medication.

Context: Diclofenac is commonly used as pain relief. Hypoglycemia has rarely been reported due to aspirin and indomethacin use but not of any other nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs.

Case Report: A 69-years old endocrinologist participated as a control in a glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) study.

Is ectopic Cushing's syndrome underdiagnosed in patients with small cell lung cancer?

Introduction: Ectopic Cushing's syndrome (ECS) is an uncommon disorder. Recently, however, a larger proportion of patients with endogenous Cushing's syndrome (CS) had ECS than has previously been reported.

Objective: The aim of this study was to determine whether ECS is an underdiagnosed disorder in patients with small-cell lung cancer (SCLC).

Diet-induced weight loss in obese/diabetic mice normalizes glucose metabolism and promotes functional recovery after stroke.

Background: Post-stroke functional recovery is severely impaired by type 2 diabetes (T2D). This is an important clinical problem since T2D is one of the most common diseases. Because weight loss-based strategies have been shown to decrease stroke risk in people with T2D, we aimed to investigate whether diet-induced weight loss can also improve post-stroke functional recovery and identify some of the underlying mechanisms.

Roads with underlying tar asphalt - spreading, bioavailability and toxicity of their polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons.

Some of the older Swedish roads contain road tar underneath a surface layer of bituminous asphalt. This road tar, also known as tar asphalt, contains large amounts of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). There is concern about PAHs spreading from the bottom layers of these older roads to the surrounding environment, and that because of this spreading road tar asphalt should not be recycled but rather placed in landfills.

Diffusion-informed spatial smoothing of fMRI data in white matter using spectral graph filters.

Brain activation mapping using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) has been extensively studied in brain gray matter (GM), whereas in large disregarded for probing white matter (WM). This unbalanced treatment has been in part due to controversies in relation to the nature of the blood oxygenation level-dependent (BOLD) contrast in WM and its detectability. However, an accumulating body of studies has provided solid evidence of the functional significance of the BOLD signal in WM and has revealed that it exhibits anisotropic spatio-temporal correlations and structure-specific fluctuations concomitant with those of the cortical BOLD signal.

Normalisation of glucose metabolism by exendin-4 in the chronic phase after stroke promotes functional recovery in male diabetic mice.

Background And Purpose: Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor activation decreases stroke risk in people with Type 2 diabetes (T2D), while animal studies have shown the efficacy of this strategy to counteract stroke-induced acute brain damage. However, whether GLP-1 receptor activation also improves recovery in the chronic phase after stroke is unknown. We investigated whether post-acute, chronic administration of the GLP-1 receptor agonist, exendin-4, improves post-stroke recovery and examined possible underlying mechanisms in T2D and non-T2D mice.

Regulation of Glycemia in the Recovery Phase After Stroke Counteracts the Detrimental Effect of Obesity-Induced Type 2 Diabetes on Neurological Recovery.

The interplay between obesity and type 2 diabetes (T2D) in poststroke recovery is unclear. Moreover, the impact of glucose control during the chronic phase after stroke is undetermined. We investigated whether obesity-induced T2D impairs neurological recovery after stroke by using a clinically relevant experimental design.

Prehospital exenatide in hyperglycemic stroke-A randomized trial.

Objectives: Hyperglycemia is a predictor for poor stroke outcome. Hyperglycemic stroke patients treated with thrombolysis have an increased risk of intracranial hemorrhage. Insulin is the gold standard for treating hyperglycemia but comes with a risk of hypoglycemia.

GLP-1 secretion in acute ischemic stroke: association with functional outcome and comparison with healthy individuals.

Background: Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) treatment has been shown to reduce stroke incidence in diabetes and also to be neuroprotective in experimental stroke models. The prognostic value of endogenous levels of GLP-1 in the recovery phase after stroke remains to be elucidated. The aim of the study was to investigate the potential association between GLP-1 levels and functional outcome after stroke and to determine whether GLP-1 is altered in the acute phase of stroke compared to 3 months post stroke and to healthy controls.

Refined assessment and perspectives on the cumulative risk resulting from the dietary exposure to pesticide residues in the Danish population.

Unlabelled: Relatively few studies are available on realistic cumulative risk assessments for dietary pesticide exposure. Despite available studies showing low risk, public concern remains. A method to estimate realistic residue levels based on information from spraying journals and supervised residue trials was described in a previous publication.

Safety of thrombolysis in stroke mimics: an observational cohort study from an urban teaching hospital in Sweden.

Objectives: Acute stroke management has changed dramatically over the recent years, where a timely assessment is driven by the expanding treatment options of acute ischaemic stroke. This increases the risk in treating non-stroke patients (stroke mimics) with a possibly hazardous intravenous thrombolysis treatment (IVT).

Setting: Patients of the thrombolysis registry of Södersjukhuset AB, a secondary health centre in Stockholm, were retrospectively studied to determine complications and outcome after IVT in strokes and stroke mimics.

Quantifying dietary exposure to pesticide residues using spraying journal data.

Relatively few studies are available on the combined risk of realistic dietary pesticide exposure. Despite available studies showing low risk, public concern remains. Recent methods used to estimate realistic exposure levels have a number of drawbacks, and better methods are needed.

Glucagon-like receptor 1 agonists and DPP-4 inhibitors: potential therapies for the treatment of stroke.

During the past decades, candidate drugs that have shown neuroprotective efficacy in the preclinical setting have failed in clinical stroke trials. As a result, no treatment for stroke based on neuroprotection is available today. The activation of the glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor (GLP-1) for reducing stroke damage is a relatively novel concept that has shown neuroprotective effects in animal models.

Exendin-4 reduces ischemic brain injury in normal and aged type 2 diabetic mice and promotes microglial M2 polarization.

Exendin-4 is a glucagon-like receptor 1 agonist clinically used against type 2 diabetes that has also shown neuroprotective effects in experimental stroke models. However, while the neuroprotective efficacy of Exendin-4 has been thoroughly investigated if the pharmacological treatment starts before stroke, the therapeutic potential of the Exendin-4 if the treatment starts acutely after stroke has not been clearly determined. Further, a comparison of the neuroprotective efficacy in normal and aged diabetic mice has not been performed.