[Renal carcinoma: what therapeutic options in 2024?].

The most important modifiable risk factors of renal cell carcinoma are smoking, obesity and hypertension. A biopsy of the renal tumour is not always necessary. It is important in situations where it can change the therapeutic attitude and should be discussed in particular for tumors < 4 cm in size and in metastatic stage.

Autoantibody Profiling in Lupus Patients using Synthetic Nucleic Acids.

Autoantibodies to nuclear components of cells (antinuclear antibodies, ANA), including DNA (a-DNA), are widely used in the diagnosis and subtyping of certain autoimmune diseases, including systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Despite clinical use over decades, precise, reproducible measurement of a-DNA titers remains difficult, likely due to the substantial sequence and length heterogeneity of DNA purified from natural sources. We designed and tested a panel of synthetic nucleic acid molecules composed of native deoxyribonucleotide units to measure a-DNA.

Direct C-H sulfenylation of purines and deazapurines.

A general method for Cu-catalyzed C-H sulfenylation of purines, 7-deaza- and 9-deazapurines with aryl- or alkyldisulfides has been developed. In purines, the reaction occurs at position 8, in 7-deazapurines at position 7 and in 9-deazapurines at position 9, leading to new interesting arylsulfanyl derivatives of purine or deazapurine bases. The resulting 8-arylsulfanylpurines undergo Liebesking-Srogl coupling with arylstannanes or boronic acids, whereas the (arylsulfanyl)deazapurines are not reactive under these conditions.

Direct C-H borylation and C-H arylation of pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidines: synthesis of 6,8-disubstituted 7-deazapurines.

Novel direct C-H borylations of 7-deazapurines to position 8 by B2pin2 under Ir catalysis were followed by Suzuki cross-couplings with aryl halides and other functional group transformations to give diverse 8-substituted 7-deazaadenines.