Results of the BfR MEAL Study: Acrylamide in foods from the German market with highest levels in vegetable crisps.

Acrylamide (AA) is formed in foods due to thermal processes. AA was analysed in 230 foods in the first German Total Diet Study and the highest mean levels of AA were found in vegetable crisps (1430 μg/kg), followed by potato pancakes (558) μg/kg) and pan-fried potatoes (450 μg/kg). In various foods, e.

Physiological characterization of the human EndoC-βH1 β-cell line.

In the new human EndoC-βH1 β-cell line, a detailed analysis of the physiological characteristics was performed. This new human β-cell line expressed all target structures on the gene and protein level, which are crucial for physiological function and insulin secretion induced by glucose and other secretagogues. Glucose influx measurements revealed an excellent uptake capacity of EndoC-βH1 β-cells by the Glut1 and Glut2 glucose transporters.

Glucose-induced dissociation of glucokinase from its regulatory protein in the nucleus of hepatocytes prior to nuclear export.

The glucose phosphorylating enzyme glucokinase regulates glucose metabolism in the liver. Glucokinase activity is modulated by a liver-specific competitive inhibitor, the glucokinase regulatory protein (GRP), which mediates sequestration of glucokinase to the nucleus at low glucose concentrations. However, the mechanism of glucokinase nuclear export is not fully understood.

Real-time analysis of intracellular glucose and calcium in pancreatic beta cells by fluorescence microscopy.

Glucose is the physiological stimulus for insulin secretion in pancreatic beta cells. The uptake and phosphorylation of glucose initiate and control downstream pathways, resulting in insulin secretion. However, the temporal coordination of these events in beta cells is not fully understood.

Endogenous activation of glucokinase by 6-phosphofructo-2-kinase/fructose-2,6-bisphosphatase is glucose dependent.

Glucokinase (GK) plays a crucial role as glucose sensor in glucose-induced insulin secretion in pancreatic β-cells. The bifunctional enzyme 6-phosphofructo-2-kinase/fructose-2,6-bisphosphatase (PFK-2/FBPase-2) acts as an endogenous GK activator. Therefore, the goal of this study was the analysis of GK-PFK-2/FBPase-2 complex formation and its effect on metabolic stimulus-secretion coupling in β-cells in dependence upon glucose.

A retrospective evaluation of completion rates, total cost, and adverse effects for treatment of latent tuberculosis infection in a public health clinic in central massachusetts.

Completion rates, total cost, and adverse effects were compared for patients in central Massachusetts treated for latent tuberculosis infection with 9 months of isoniazid or 4 months of rifampin. Although the adverse effects were similar between the 2 groups, 4 months of rifampin was associated with significantly better completion rates and less hepatotoxicity yet higher total cost.