Halide-triggered assembly and selective bisulfate recognition in a quadruply interlocked coordination cage.

Interlocked coordination cages are a class of multi-cavity architectures with applications in selective anion recognition, adaptive sensing, and catalysis. Controlling the partitioning of their cavities through ligand design and appropriate anion templates is critical to their guest binding scope, yet remains a challenge. Here, we present a thermodynamically stable [PdL](BF) cage assembled from a bis-monodentate ligand featuring a non-coordinating bis-pyrazole methane backbone.

Au nanocluster adsorption and agglomeration control through sulfur modification of mesoporous TiO.

In the present work phenyl phosphine-protected Au nanoclusters were deposited onto (3-mercaptopropyl) trimethoxysilane (MPTMS) modified and unmodified mesoporous screen printed TiO. The removal of the cluster ligands by annealing was applied to enhance the interaction between Au cluster cores and semiconductor surfaces in the creation of efficient photocatalytic systems. The heat treatment could lead to undesired agglomeration of Au clusters, affecting their unique properties as size specific clusters.

Implementing the IMIST-AMBO tool for paramedic to trauma team handovers: a video review analysis.

Objective: Patient handover between paramedics and the trauma team is vulnerable to communication errors that may adversely affect patient care. This study assesses the feasibility of a handover tool, IMIST-AMBO (acronym of categories), implementation in the trauma bay and evaluates the degree to which it improves handover metrics.

Methods: This is a prospective observational cohort study conducted at Canada's largest level-one trauma center.

Impurity profiling of methamphetamine synthesized from methyl α-acetylphenylacetate.

The group of P2P precursors including α-phenylacetoacetonitrile (APAAN), α-phenylacetoamide (APAA) and methyl α-acetylphenylacetate (MAPA) has become increasingly popular in Europe and other parts of the world in the last decade. Previous investigations have reported the use of APAAN in the synthesis of amphetamine and methamphetamine and identified a range of characteristic impurities. This research has expanded upon the current literature by investigating the use of MAPA in the synthesis of methamphetamine.

Impurity profiling of methamphetamine synthesised from α-phenylacetoacetonitrile (APAAN).

The rise in popularity of 'designer' precursor compounds for the synthesis of amphetamine-type stimulants poses a significant challenge to law enforcement agencies. One such precursor is α-phenylacetoacetonitrile (APAAN). APAAN emerged in Europe in 2010 and quickly became one of the most popular precursors for amphetamine synthesis in that region.

EVM Loss: A Loss Function for Training Neural Networks in Communication Systems.

Neural networks and their application in communication systems are receiving growing attention from both academia and industry. The authors note that there is a disconnect between the typical objective functions of these neural networks with regards to the context in which the neural network will eventually be deployed and evaluated. To this end, a new loss function is proposed and shown to increase the performance of neural networks when implemented in a communication system compared to previous methods.

When Childhood Cancer Becomes a Family Affair, It Really Hits Home.

In this article, a father and son describe the experience of childhood leukemia treatment and its aftermath with the unique perspective of a parent who is also a pediatric oncologist. An illness that began with an apparently favorable prognosis was transformed by an early relapse, followed by unexpected complications and difficult treatment decisions. Despite unfavorable statistics, the son is a long-term survivor with an overall excellent quality of life, despite several late events and effects.

Further Characterization of Hb Bronovo [α103(G10)His→Leu; : c.311A>T] and First Report of the Homozygous State.

Hb Bronovo [α103(G10)His→Leu, : c.311A>T] is an α-globin variant that interferes with and decreases binding efficiency to α hemoglobin (Hb) stabilizing protein (AHSP), a chaperone molecule. The histidine residue at position 103 is integral to the AHSP hydrogen bond formation where disruption results in an increased quantity of cytotoxic free α-globin chains, thereby creating a similar pathophysiology as β-thalassemia (β-thal).

A Tetra-Porphyrin Host Exhibiting Interannular Cooperativity.

Recently identified as another form of cooperativity, interannular cooperativity is rarely observed in supramolecular chemistry. A tetra-porphyrin molecular tweezer with two bis-porphyrin binding sites is reported that exhibits archetypal interannular cooperativity when complexing 1,4-diazabicyclo[2.2.

Ranking Oxidant Sensitiveness: A Guide for Synthetic Utility.

Common oxidants used in chemical synthesis, including newly developed perruthenates, were evaluated in the context of understanding (and better appreciating) the sensitiveness and associated potential hazards of these reagents. Analysis using sealed cell differential scanning calorimetry (scDSC) facilitated Yoshida correlations, which were compared to impact sensitiveness and electrostatic discharge experiments (ESD), that enabled sensitiveness ranking. Methyltriphenylphoshonium perruthenate (MTP3, 8), isoamyltriphenylphosphonium perruthenate (ATP3, 7) and tetraphenylphosphonium perruthenate (TP3, 9) were found to be the most sensitive followed by 2-iodoxybenzoic acid (IBX, 2) and benzoyl peroxide (BPO, 10), whereas the most benign were observed to be Oxone (12), manganese dioxide (MnO , 13), and N-bromosuccinimide (NBS, 17).

A novel p.Gly187Arg TP53 variant appears to result in Li-Fraumeni syndrome.

Li-Fraumeni syndrome is an autosomal dominant cancer syndrome characterized by pathogenic variants in the TP53 gene on chromosome 17. The most common cancers in Li-Fraumeni kindreds include sarcomas, breast cancer, brain tumors, and adrenocortical carcinoma. We report a 9-month-old male who was diagnosed with an adrenocortical tumor and later found to harbor a novel TP53 c.

Molecular tweezers with a rotationally restricted linker and freely rotating porphyrin moieties.

The effect of the degree of conformational rigidity and/or flexibility on preorganisation in artificial molecular receptors continues to be actively explored by supramolecular chemists. This work describes a bis-porphyrin architecture, linked via a rigid polycyclic backbone, in which a sterically bulky 2,3,5,6-tetramethylphenyl diimide core restricts rotation to afford two non-interconvertible tweezer conformations; syn- and anti-. After separation, the host-guest chemistry of each conformation was studied independently.

Detailed investigations into the Akabori-Momotani reaction for the synthesis of amphetamine type stimulants: Part 2.

The Akabori-Momotani reaction can be used to synthesise pseudoephedrine in 50% yield from N-methylalanine and benzaldehyde. This paper investigates electronic effects of substituted benzaldehydes on the reaction to synthesise amphetamine type stimulants and identifies several new Akabori-Momotani by-products, 1-[(4-methoxybenzyl)(methyl)amino]ethanol (11c), 2-(4-methoxyphenyl)-3,4-dimethyl-1,3-oxazolidine (12c), 1,2,3,4-tetramethyl-5,6-di-(4-methoxyphenyl)piperazine (13c) and 1,2,4,5-tetramethyl-3,6-di-(4-methoxyphenyl)piperazine (14c). This paper also investigates pseudoephedrine and methamphetamine isomeric distribution from the Akabori-Momotani reaction with the aid of molecular modelling to understand why more pseudoephedrine than ephedrine is produced.

Polysulfides made from re-purposed waste are sustainable materials for removing iron from water.

Water contaminated with Fe is undesirable because it can result in discoloured plumbing fixtures, clogging, and a poor taste and aesthetic profile for drinking water. At high levels, Fe can also promote the growth of unwanted bacteria, so environmental agencies and water authorities typically regulate the amount of Fe in municipal water and wastewater. Here, polysulfide sorbents-prepared from elemental sulfur and unsaturated cooking oils-are used to remove Fe contaminants from water.

An investigation into artefacts formed during gas chromatography/mass spectrometry analysis of firearms propellant that contains diphenylamine as the stabiliser.

In the course of providing assistance to legal counsel in a matter that involved the analysis of firearms propellant by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry it was noticed that phenoxazine was reported as a component of 0.22 calibre propellant that contained diphenylamine as the stabiliser. The research was conducted to find how phenoxazine was formed.

Insights into the complexation of N-Allyl-4-(4-(N-phenylureido)benzylamino)-1,8-naphthalimide with various anions.

A new urea functionalised 4-amino-1,8-naphthalimide based fluorescent anion sensor was synthesised in 64% yield over three steps. Fluorescence and H NMR titrations showed that the sensor complexes strongly with acetate and dihydrogen phosphate and to a lesser extent bromide. The corresponding binding stoichiometries were examined using H NMR titrations.

The synthesis and investigation of impurities found in Clandestine Laboratories: Baeyer-Villiger Route Part I; Synthesis of P2P from benzaldehyde and methyl ethyl ketone.

The synthesis of impurities detected in clandestinely manufactured Amphetamine Type Stimulants (ATS) has emerged as more desirable than simple "fingerprint" profiling. We have been investigating the impurities formed when phenyl-2-propanone (P2P) 5, a key ATS precursor, is synthesised in three steps; an aldol condensation of benzaldehyde and methyl ethyl ketone (MEK); a Baeyer-Villiger reaction; and ester hydrolysis. We have identified and selectively synthesised several impurities that may be used as route specific markers for this series of synthetic steps.

Double Sequential External Defibrillation and Survival from Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest: A Case Report.

Background: Patients who present in ventricular fibrillation are typically treated with cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR), epinephrine, antiarrhythmic medications, and defibrillation. Although these therapies have shown to be effective, some patients remain in a shockable rhythm. Double sequential external defibrillation has been described as a viable option for patients in refractory ventricular fibrillation.

Mass spectrometry imaging reveals new biological roles for choline esters and Tyrian purple precursors in muricid molluscs.

Despite significant advances in chemical ecology, the biodistribution, temporal changes and ecological function of most marine secondary metabolites remain unknown. One such example is the association between choline esters and Tyrian purple precursors in muricid molluscs. Mass spectrometry imaging (MSI) on nano-structured surfaces has emerged as a sophisticated platform for spatial analysis of low molecular mass metabolites in heterogeneous tissues, ideal for low abundant secondary metabolites.

SERS and NMR Studies of Typical Aggregation-Induced Emission Molecules.

Over recent decades, aggregation-induced emission (AIE) molecules have attracted increasing attention. Restriction of intramolecular rotation (RIR) has been widely accepted as the cause of the emission when AIE molecules aggregate into clusters. The intramolecular rotation of AIE molecules can be monitored by molecular vibration spectra such as nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), infrared, and Raman, especially surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) which has high sensitivity down to a single molecule.

Mechanistic insights into the luminescent sensing of organophosphorus chemical warfare agents and simulants using trivalent lanthanide complexes.

Organophosphorus chemical warfare agents (OP CWAs) are potent acetylcholinesterase inhibitors that can cause incapacitation and death within minutes of exposure, and furthermore are largely undetectable by the human senses. Fast, efficient, sensitive and selective detection of these compounds is therefore critical to minimise exposure. Traditional molecular-based sensing approaches have exploited the chemical reactivity of the OP CWAs, whereas more recently supramolecular-based approaches using non-covalent interactions have gained momentum.