Publications by authors named "Martin J Cummins"
Background: Postbariatric hypoglycemia (PBH) can threaten safety and reduce quality of life. Current therapies are incompletely effective.
Methods: Patients with PBH were enrolled in a double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover trial to evaluate a closed-loop glucose-responsive automated glucagon delivery system designed to reduce severe hypoglycemia.
Objective: Patients with type 1 diabetes who do aerobic exercise often experience a drop in blood glucose concentration that can result in hypoglycemia. Current approaches to prevent exercise-induced hypoglycemia include reduction in insulin dose or ingestion of carbohydrates, but these strategies may still result in hypoglycemia or hyperglycemia. We sought to determine whether mini-dose glucagon (MDG) given subcutaneously before exercise could prevent subsequent glucose lowering and to compare the glycemic response to current approaches for mitigating exercise-associated hypoglycemia.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFContext: Standard treatment of hypoglycemia is oral carbohydrate, but it often results in hyperglycemia and entails extra caloric intake.
Objective: To evaluate low-dose glucagon to treat mild hypoglycemia in ambulatory adults with type 1 diabetes (T1D).
Design: Randomized crossover trial (two 3-week periods).
Objective: To evaluate mini-dose glucagon in adults with type 1 diabetes using a stable, liquid, ready-to-use preparation.
Research Design And Methods: Twelve adults with type 1 diabetes receiving treatment with insulin pumps received subcutaneous doses of 75, 150, and 300 μg of nonaqueous glucagon. Plasma glucose, glucagon, and insulin concentrations were measured.
Background And Objective: Interferon alpha (IFNα) is a known antiviral agent. A double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial was conducted investigating the use of low-dose oral interferon alpha for preventing acute viral respiratory illnesses.
Methods: Two hundred healthy adults aged 18-75 years were enrolled and completed weekly health data questionnaires to monitor for symptoms and impact of respiratory illness.
The prevailing dogma is that, to be systemically effective, interferon-alpha (IFNα) must be administered in sufficiently high doses to yield functional blood concentrations. Such an approach to IFNa therapy has proven effective in some instances, but high-dose parenteral IFNα therapy has the disadvantage of causing significant adverse events. Mounting evidence suggests that IFNα delivered into the oral cavity in low doses interacts with the oral mucosa in a unique manner to induce systemic host defense mechanisms without IFNα actually entering the circulation, thus reducing the potential for toxic side effects.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFObjective: This study tested the safety and efficacy of human interferon (IFN) alfa for treatment of salivary hypofunction and dry mouth symptoms in primary Sjögren's syndrome patients.
Methods: Combined results are reported from 2 phase III clinical trials in which a total of 497 subjects with primary Sjögren's syndrome received 150 international units of human IFN alfa or matching placebo 3 times per day for 24 weeks by the oromucosal route.
Results: Subjects given IFN alfa had a significantly (P = 0.
Objectives: To examine the safety and efficacy of anhydrous crystalline maltose for treatment of dry mouth and other symptoms of dryness in patients with primary Sjögren's syndrome.
Design: Anhydrous crystalline maltose was delivered orally as a 200-mg lozenge given three times daily over a 24-week period to a total of 100 subjects. All participants had prominent complaints of persistent dry mouth associated with primary Sjögren's syndrome.