The Effect of Botulinum Toxin Type A Injection in the Rectus Femoris in Stroke Patients Walking With a Stiff Knee Gait: A Randomized Controlled Trial.

Background: Over activity of the rectus femoris is often cited as a main cause for stiff knee gait (SKG). Botulinum toxin (BoNT) can be used to reduce this over activity. Inconsistent results for the effect of BoNT injections were found in literature which can possibly be explained by the study design as these were uncontrolled or non-randomized studies.

Influence of functional electrical stimulation of the hamstrings on knee kinematics in stroke survivors walking with stiff knee gait.

Objective: To explore whether functional electrical stimulation of the hamstrings results in improved knee kinematics in chronic stroke survivors walking with a stiff knee gait.

Design: Quasi-experimental.

Subjects: Sixteen adult chronic stroke survivors.

Effects of an implantable two-channel peroneal nerve stimulator versus conventional walking device on spatiotemporal parameters and kinematics of hemiparetic gait.

Objective: The aims of this study were: (i) to compare the neuro-prosthetic effect of implantable peroneal nerve stimulation to the orthotic effect of a standard of care intervention (no device, shoe or ankle foot orthosis) on walking, as assessed by spatiotemporal parameters; and (ii) to examine whether there is evidence of an enhanced lower-limb flexion reflex with peroneal nerve stimulation and compare the kinematic effect of an implantable peroneal nerve stimulation device vs standard of care intervention on initial loading response of the paretic limb, as assessed by hip, knee and ankle kinematics.

Design: Randomized controlled trial.

Subjects: A total of 23 chronic stroke survivors with drop foot.

The effect of FES of the tibial nerve on physiological activation of leg muscles during gait.

The effects of surface functional electrical stimulation (FES) of the tibial nerve of healthy subjects were evaluated. The FES was applied at three different times during gait: early, mid and late stances. The purpose of this work is to understand the effect of unilateral stimulation on the bilateral activation patterns of leg muscles, because FES is used in practice to improve gait, while associated neuromuscular change is not often measured.

Interaction of artificial and physiological activation of the gastrocnemius during gait.

Objectives.  The purpose of this research was to understand the effects of surface functional electrical stimulation (FES) of the tibial nerve on the activation of the gastrocnemius medialis of the stimulated side. Methods.