Long-term exposure to traffic-related air pollution associated with blood pressure and self-reported hypertension in a Danish cohort.

Background: Short-term exposure to air pollution has been associated with changes in blood pressure (BP) and emergency department visits for hypertension, but little is known about the effects of long-term exposure to traffic-related air pollution on BP and hypertension.

Objectives: We studied whether long-term exposure to air pollution is associated with BP and hypertension.

Methods: In 1993-1997, 57,053 participants 50-64 years of age were enrolled in a population-based cohort study.

Diabetes incidence and long-term exposure to air pollution: a cohort study.

Objective: Animal and cross-sectional epidemiological studies suggest a link between air pollution and diabetes, whereas the limited prospective data show mixed results. We studied the association between long-term exposure to traffic-related air pollution and incidence of diabetes.

Research Design And Methods: We followed 57,053 participants of the Danish Diet, Cancer, and Health cohort in the Danish National Diabetes Register between baseline (1993-1997) and 27 June 2006.

Stroke and long-term exposure to outdoor air pollution from nitrogen dioxide: a cohort study.

Background And Purpose: Years of exposure to tobacco smoke substantially increase the risk for stroke. Whether long-term exposure to outdoor air pollution can lead to stroke is not yet established. We examined the association between long-term exposure to traffic-related air pollution and incident and fatal stroke in a prospective cohort study.

Exposure to road traffic and railway noise and associations with blood pressure and self-reported hypertension: a cohort study.

Background: Epidemiological studies suggest that long-term exposure to transport noise increases the risk for cardiovascular disorders. The effect of transport noise on blood pressure and hypertension is uncertain.

Methods: In 1993-1997, 57,053 participants aged 50-64 year were enrolled in a population-based cohort study.

Long-term exposure to air pollution and asthma hospitalisations in older adults: a cohort study.

Background: Exposure to air pollution in early life contributes to the burden of childhood asthma, but it is not clear whether long-term exposure to air pollution can lead to asthma onset or progression in adulthood.

Objectives: The authors studied the effect of exposure to traffic-related air pollution over 35 years on the risk for asthma hospitalisation in older people.

Methods: 57 053 participants in the Danish Diet, Cancer and Health cohort, aged 50-65 years at baseline (1993-1997), were followed up for first hospital admission for asthma until 2006, and the annual nitrogen dioxide (NO(2)) levels were estimated as a proxy of the exposure to traffic-related air pollution at the residential addresses of the participants since 1971.

Air pollution from traffic and cancer incidence: a Danish cohort study.

Background: Vehicle engine exhaust includes ultrafine particles with a large surface area and containing absorbed polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, transition metals and other substances. Ultrafine particles and soluble chemicals can be transported from the airways to other organs, such as the liver, kidneys, and brain. Our aim was to investigate whether air pollution from traffic is associated with risk for other cancers than lung cancer.

Road traffic noise and stroke: a prospective cohort study.

Aims: Epidemiological studies suggest that long-term exposure to road traffic noise increases the risk of cardiovascular disorders. The aim of this study was to investigate the relation between exposure to road traffic noise and risk for stroke, which has not been studied before.

Methods And Results: In a population-based cohort of 57,053 people, we identified 1881 cases of first-ever stroke in a national hospital register between 1993-1997 and 2006.

Lung cancer incidence and long-term exposure to air pollution from traffic.

Background: Previous studies have shown associations between air pollution and risk for lung cancer.

Objective: We investigated whether traffic and the concentration of nitrogen oxides (NOx) at the residence are associated with risk for lung cancer.

Methods: We identified 592 lung cancer cases in the Danish Cancer Registry among 52,970 members of the Diet, Cancer and Health cohort and traced residential addresses from 1 January 1971 in the Central Population Registry.

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and long-term exposure to traffic-related air pollution: a cohort study.

Rationale: Short-term exposure to air pollution has been associated with exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), whereas the role of long-term exposures on the development of COPD is not yet fully understood.

Objectives: We assessed the effect of exposure to traffic-related air pollution over 35 years on the incidence of COPD in a prospective cohort study.

Methods: We followed 57,053 participants in the Danish Diet, Cancer, and Health cohort in the Hospital Discharge Register for their first hospital admission for COPD between 1993 and 2006.

Air pollution from traffic and risk for lung cancer in three Danish cohorts.

Background: Air pollution is suspected to cause lung cancer. The purpose was to investigate whether the concentration of nitrogen oxides (NOx) at the residence, used as an indicator of air pollution from traffic, is associated with risk for lung cancer.

Methods: We identified 679 lung cancer cases in the Danish Cancer Registry from the members of three prospective cohorts and selected a comparison group of 3,481 persons from the same cohorts in a case-cohort design.

Copenhagen--a significant source of birch (Betula) pollen?

Current aerobiological research applies the hypothesis that the main source of atmospheric birch (Betula) pollen is forest trees. Our results indicate that the measured levels in Copenhagen are not only due to birch trees in Danish forests but that the urban areas also seem to be a significant source of birch pollen. A number of episodes in 2003 with enhanced pollen levels in Copenhagen seem to be associated with parks and gardens inside and just outside the city.

A proper choice of route significantly reduces air pollution exposure--a study on bicycle and bus trips in urban streets.

A proper selection of route through the urban area may significantly reduce the air pollution exposure. This is the main conclusion from the presented study. Air pollution exposure is determined for two selected cohorts along the route going from home to working place, and back from working place to home.