A Pipeline for Real-Time Synchronization of Relevant Data in Pediatric Emergencies.

Pediatric emergencies are rare events that require precise medical intervention. The dosing of medication is particularly tricky. The challenges require technical aids for automatic dosage calculation without restricting the emergency physicians' ability to act.

[OPTINOFA-Intelligent assistance service for structured assessment in the emergency department].

Background: Case numbers in central emergency departments (EDs) have risen during the past decade in Germany, leading to recurrent overcrowding, increased risks in emergency care, and elevated costs. Particularly the fraction of outpatient emergency treatments has increased disproportionately. Within the framework of the Optimization of emergency care by structured triage with intelligent assistant service (OPTINOFA, Förderkennzeichen [FKZ] 01NVF17035) project, an intelligent assistance service was developed.

Proposal of a Method for Transferring High-Quality Scientific Literature Data to Virtual Patient Cases Using Categorical Data Generated by Bernoulli-Distributed Random Values: Development and Prototypical Implementation.

Background: Teaching medicine is a complex task because medical teachers are also involved in clinical practice and research and the availability of cases with rare diseases is very restricted. Automatic creation of virtual patient cases would be a great benefit, saving time and providing a wider choice of virtual patient cases for student training.

Objective: This study explored whether the medical literature provides usable quantifiable information on rare diseases.

Development of a Clinical Decision Support System for Smart Algorithms in Emergency Medicine.

The development of clinical decision support systems (CDSS) is complex and requires user-centered planning of assistive interventions. Especially in the setting of emergency care requiring time-critical decisions and interventions, it is important to adapt a CDSS to the needs of the user in terms of acceptance, usability and utility. In the so-called ENSURE project, a user-centered approach was applied to develop the CDSS intervention.

Automated Size Recognition in Pediatric Emergencies Using Machine Learning and Augmented Reality: Within-Group Comparative Study.

Background: Pediatric emergencies involving children are rare events, and the experience of emergency physicians and the results of such emergencies are accordingly poor. Anatomical peculiarities and individual adjustments make treatment during pediatric emergency susceptible to error. Critical mistakes especially occur in the calculation of weight-based drug doses.

Towards a Ubiquitous Child Emergency App - Ideas to Simplify and Ensure the Machine-2-Machine Communication.

Medical emergencies involving children are rare events. The experience of emergency physicians is therefore low and the results are correspondingly poor. Assistance services to help in emergencies are regularly requested.

Digital teaching as an instrument for cross-location teaching networks in medical informatics: opportunities and challenges.

The increasingly digitized healthcare system requires new skills from all those involved. In order to impart these competencies, appropriate courses must be developed at educational institutions. In view of the rapid development of new aspects of digitization, this presents a challenge; suitable teaching formats must be developed successively.

Mobile Robotic Telepresence Between Hospital and School: Lessons Learned.

If a pupil falls seriously ill, it is not only a shock for the pupil himself or herself, but also for his or her family and classmates. The project "Virtual Classroom" of the Heilbronn University in cooperation with the foundation "Big Help for Little Heroes" therefore tries to maintain the daily school routine and thus the contact with friends as far as possible with the help of mobile telepresence robots in the classroom from home or from the hospital. Here there are both technical and human factors that contribute to success or failure.

Speech Recognition Evaluation of a State-Of-The-Art Smartglass in the Use Case Pediatric Resuscitation.

Emergencies involving children are rare events. Due to the associated lack of routine and special features in pediatric resuscitation, it is prone to errors and the results are unsatisfactory. One way of tackling this problem is to use assistance services.

Evaluation of Chatbot Prototypes for Taking the Virtual Patient's History.

In medical education Virtual Patients (VP) are often applied to train students in different scenarios such as recording the patient's medical history or deciding a treatment option. Usually, such interactions are predefined by software logic and databases following strict rules. At this point, Natural Language Processing/Machine Learning (NLP/ML) algorithms could help to increase the overall flexibility, since most of the rules can derive directly from training data.

Evaluation of Depth Cameras for Use as an Augmented Reality Emergency Ruler.

Children are rarely affected by medical emergencies. The experience of doctors or paramedics with child emergencies is correspondingly poor. The anatomical features and individual calculations make such an emergency much more error-prone than a comparable adult emergency.

Digital Teaching and Digital Medicine: A national initiative is needed.

The advancing digitization of the healthcare system requires that in the future digital skills should be communicated to students much more. In addition, digital teaching and learning technologies should be used wherever they offer real benefits over other training scenarios. To meet these challenges, it needs a national initiative "Medical Education in the Digital Age", which should be led by the Society for Medical Education and the German Association for Medical Informatics, Biometry and Epidemiology.

Electronic assessment of clinical reasoning in clerkships: A mixed-methods comparison of long-menu key-feature problems with context-rich single best answer questions.

Background: It remains unclear which item format would best suit the assessment of clinical reasoning: context-rich single best answer questions (crSBAs) or key-feature problems (KFPs). This study compared KFPs and crSBAs with respect to students' acceptance, their educational impact, and psychometric characteristics when used in a summative end-of-clinical-clerkship pediatric exam.

Methods: Fifth-year medical students (n = 377) took a computer-based exam that included 6-9 KFPs and 9-20 crSBAs which assessed their clinical reasoning skills, in addition to an objective structured clinical exam (OSCE) that assessed their clinical skills.

Wearable Technology in Medicine: Machine-to-Machine (M2M) Communication in Distributed Systems.

Smart wearables are capable of supporting physicians during various processes in medical emergencies. Nevertheless, it is almost impossible to operate several computers without neglecting a patient's treatment. Thus, it is necessary to set up a distributed network consisting of two or more computers to exchange data or initiate remote procedure calls (RPC).

Evaluation of Game Engines for Cross-Platform Development of Mobile Serious Games for Health.

Studies have shown that serious games for health can improve patient compliance and help to increase the quality of medical education. Due to a growing availability of mobile devices, especially the development of cross-platform mobile apps is helpful for improving healthcare. As the development can be highly time-consuming and expensive, an alternative development process is needed.

Virtual patients feedback system--a concept to support students and educators.

Assessments deliver information about the knowledge level of a student. Formative assessments' main purposes are to identify student's weaknesses and strengths, and support educators in the planning process of their instruction. In this paper a graphical user interface concept is presented to provide feedback with the aid of the editing results of medical students, who train with Virtual Patient, which is a computer-based simulation of patient care.

Development of an accommodative smartphone app for medical guidelines in pediatric emergencies.

One of the outcomes of a training concept for physicians and nurses concerning pediatric emergencies at the Heidelberg University Hospital was that the work and procedures in childhood emergencies could be simplified by replacing the existing paper-based guidelines with a smartphone app. Since the project funds for this were already used up, a group of students from the master program "Medical Informatics" of Heidelberg and Heilbronn Universities took over the development of the app. Particular attention was given to the need for compatibility with the variety of devices (device size and screen resolution) and platform independence.

Learner preferences regarding integrating, sequencing and aligning virtual patients with other activities in the undergraduate medical curriculum: A focus group study.

Context: E-learning resources, such as virtual patients (VPs), can be more effective when they are integrated in the curriculum. To gain insights that can inform guidelines for the curricular integration of VPs, we explored students' perceptions of scenarios with integrated and non-integrated VPs aimed at promoting clinical reasoning skills.

Methods: During their paediatric clerkship, 116 fifth-year medical students were given at least ten VPs embedded in eight integrated scenarios and as non-integrated add-ons.

Design principles for virtual patients: a focus group study among students.

Objectives: This study aimed to examine what students perceive as the ideal features of virtual patient (VP) design in order to foster learning with a special focus on clinical reasoning.

Methods: A total of 104 Year 5 medical students worked through at least eight VPs representing four different designs during their paediatric clerkship. The VPs were presented in two modes and differed in terms of the authenticity of the user interface (with or without graphics support), predominant question type (long- versus short-menu questions) and freedom of navigation (relatively free versus predetermined).

Can design principles of traditional learning theories be fulfilled by computer-based training systems in medicine: the example of CAMPUS.

Purpose: Computer-based training (CBT) systems offer the potential to efficiently support modern teaching and learning. However, it is still unknown if a similar efficient learning experience built on sound learning theories and corresponding design principles can be created in the complex health care environment. The purpose of this paper is to analyse to what extent learning theories and corresponding design principles are relevant and can successfully be applied in computer-based training in medicine.

Computer-based Training in Medicine and Learning Theories.

Computer-based training (CBT) systems can efficiently support modern teaching and learning environments. In this paper, we demonstrate on the basis of the case-based CBT system CAMPUS that current learning theories and design principles (Bloom's Taxonomy and practice fields) are (i) relevant to CBT and (ii) are feasible to implement using computer-based training and adequate learning environments. Not all design principles can be fulfilled by the system alone, the integration of the system in adequate teaching and learning environments therefore is essential.

CAMPUS--a flexible, interactive system for web-based, problem-based learning in health care.

Care for patients is the best way to learn medicine and medical methods and skills. But the availability of real patients for learners is limited. Often the appropriate patient is missed or he can not be demonstrated to all students because of practical or ethical problems.