Conducting observational analyses with the target trial emulation approach: a methodological systematic review.

Objectives: Target trial emulation is an approach that is increasingly used to improve transparency in observational studies and help mitigate biases. For studies declaring that they emulated a target trial, we aimed to evaluate the specification of the target trial, examine its consistency with the observational emulation and assess the risk of bias in the observational analysis.

Design: Methodological systematic review reported in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses statement.

Temperature dependence of the mutation rate towards antibiotic resistance.

Objectives: Environmental conditions can influence mutation rates in bacteria. Fever is a common response to infection that alters the growth conditions of infecting bacteria. Here we examine how a temperature change, such as is associated with fever, affects the mutation rate towards antibiotic resistance.

Survival and response to pulmonary vasodilator therapies in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and pulmonary vascular phenotype.

Background: The aim of the study was to describe and investigate the effect of pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) therapies in a cohort of patients with severe precapillary pulmonary hypertension (PH) associated with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD; PH-COPD), and to assess factors predictive of treatment response and mortality.

Material And Methods: We retrospectively included patients with severe incident PH-COPD who received PAH therapy and underwent RHC at diagnosis and on treatment.

Results: From 2015 to 2022, 35 severe PH-COPD patients, with clinical features of pulmonary vascular phenotype, were included.

A methodological review of the high-dimensional propensity score in comparative-effectiveness and safety-of-interventions research finds incomplete reporting relative to algorithm development and robustness.

Objectives: The use of secondary databases has become popular for evaluating the effectiveness and safety of interventions in real-life settings. However, the absence of important confounders in these databases is challenging. To address this issue, the high-dimensional propensity score (hdPS) algorithm was developed in 2009.

Screening of Triploid Banana Population Under Natural and Controlled Black Sigatoka Disease for Genomic Selection.

Black sigatoka disease (BSD) is the most important foliar threat in banana production, and breeding efforts against it should take advantage of genomic selection (GS), which has become one of the most explored tools to increase genetic gain, save time, and reduce selection costs. To evaluate the potential of GS in banana for BSD, 210 triploid accessions were obtained from the African Banana and Plantain Research Center to constitute a training population. The variability in the population was assessed at the phenotypic level using BSD- and agronomic-related traits and at the molecular level using single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs).

Prevention of cardiac surgery-associated acute kidney injury: a systematic review and meta-analysis of non-pharmacological interventions.

Background: Cardiac surgery-associated acute kidney injury (CSA-AKI) is frequent. While two network meta-analyses assessed the impact of pharmacological interventions to prevent CSA-AKI, none focused on non-pharmacological interventions. We aim to assess the effectiveness of non-pharmacological interventions to reduce the incidence of CSA-AKI.

Delaying anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction increases the rate and severity of medial chondral injuries.

Aims: The aim of this study was to evaluate the association between chondral injury and interval from anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) tear to surgical reconstruction (ACLr).

Methods: Between January 2012 and January 2022, 1,840 consecutive ACLrs were performed and included in a single-centre retrospective cohort. Exclusion criteria were partial tears, multiligament knee injuries, prior ipsilateral knee surgery, concomitant unicompartmental knee arthroplasty or high tibial osteotomy, ACL agenesis, and unknown date of tear.

Genetic Mapping, Candidate Gene Identification and Marker Validation for Host Plant Resistance to the Race 4 of f. sp. Using ssp. .

Fusarium wilt of banana is a devastating disease that has decimated banana production worldwide. Host resistance to f. sp.

Shared pedigree relationships and transmission of unreduced gametes in cultivated banana.

Background And Aims: Cultivated bananas resulted from inter(sub)specific hybridizations involving Musa species and subspecies (M. acuminata subspecies, M. schizocarpa, M.

Heterogeneity in the definition of delirium in ICUs and association with the intervention effect in randomized controlled trials: a meta-epidemiological study.

Purpose: To evaluate the heterogeneity in the definition of delirium in randomized controlled trials (RCTs) included in meta-analyses of delirium in intensive care units (ICUs) and to explore whether intervention effect depends on the definition used.

Methods: We searched PubMed for meta-analyses including RCTs evaluating prevention or treatment strategies of delirium in ICU. The definition of delirium was collected from RCTs and classified as validated (DSM criteria, CAM-ICU, ICDSC, NEECHAM, DRS-R98) or non-validated (non-validated scales, set of symptoms, physician appreciation or not reported).

Analysis of genetic diversity and agronomic variation in banana sub-populations for genomic selection under drought stress in southern Benin.

In the perspective of investigating genomic selection (GS) among Musa genotypes in West and Central Africa, banana accessions were phenotyped under natural drought stress in Benin and genotyped using genotyping by sequencing. Sixty-one (61) accessions grouped into three major genomic groups AAA, AAB and ABB and those without genomic affiliation information were used. Variation within the population was determined by phenotypic variables while population structure and clustering analysis were carried out to understand the genetic diversity at the molecular level.

Interspecific introgression patterns reveal the origins of worldwide cultivated bananas in New Guinea.

Hybridizations between Musa species and subspecies, enabled by their transport via human migration, were proposed to have played an important role in banana domestication. We exploited sequencing data of 226 Musaceae accessions, including wild and cultivated accessions, to characterize the inter(sub)specific hybridization pattern that gave rise to cultivated bananas. We identified 11 genetic pools that contributed to cultivars, including two contributors of unknown origin.

Days Spent at Home and Mortality After Critical Illness: A Cluster Analysis Using Nationwide Data.

Background: Beyond the question of short-term survival, days spent at home could be considered a patient-centered outcome in critical care trials.

Research Question: What are the days spent at home and health care trajectories during the year after surviving critical illness?

Study Design And Methods: Data were extracted on adult survivors spending at least 2 nights in a French ICU during 2018 who were treated with invasive mechanical ventilation or vasopressors or inotropes. Trauma, burn, organ transplant, stroke, and neurosurgical patients were excluded.

GeMo: a web-based platform for the visualization and curation of genome ancestry mosaics.

In silico chromosome painting is a technique by which contributions of distinct genetic groups are represented along chromosomes of hybrid individuals. This type of analysis is used to study the mechanisms by which these individuals were formed. Such techniques are well adapted to identify genetic groups contributing to these individuals as well as hybridization events.

Life expectancy and likelihood of surgery in multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1: AFCE and GTE cohort study.

Background: The overall natural history, risk of death and surgical burden of patients with multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 (MEN1) is not well known.

Methods: Patients with MEN1 from a nationwide cohort were included. The survival of patients with MEN1 was compared with that of the general population using simulated controls.

The immediate impact of the first waves of the global COVID-19 pandemic on agricultural systems worldwide: Reflections on the COVID-19 special issue for agricultural systems.

Context: In May 2020, approximately four months into the COVID-19 pandemic, the journal's editorial team realized there was an opportunity to collect information from a diverse range of agricultural systems on how the pandemic was playing out and affecting the functioning of agricultural systems worldwide.

Objective: The objective of the special issue was to rapidly collect information, analysis and perspectives from as many regions as possible on the initial impacts of the pandemic on global agricultural systems, The overall goal for the special issue was to develop a useful repository for this information as well as to use the journal's international reach to share this information with the agricultural systems research community and journal readership.

Methods: The editorial team put out a call for a special issue to capture the initial effects of the pandemic on the agricultural sector.

A comparative study of the effects of 3 testicular toxicants in cultures of seminiferous tubules of rats or of domestic cats (veterinary waste): An alternative method for reprotoxicology.

In response to the EU cosmetics directive regulation and REACH legislation which encourage cell culture methods in order to reduce or replace the use of animals in toxicology studies, we settled the culture of prepubertal domestic cat seminiferous tubules in our validated BioAlter® model, usually used with prepubertal rat, called here BioAlter®-rat, by opposition to BioAlter®-cat settled here. We carried out a comparative study on the effects of 3 testicular toxicants, 1,3-dinitrobenzene at 60 μM, 2-methoxyacetic acid at 2.5 mM and carbendazim at 50 nM or 500 nM in both BioAlter®-cat and BioAlter®-rat over a 3-week culture period.

Validation of Artificial Intelligence to Support the Automatic Coding of Patient Adverse Drug Reaction Reports, Using Nationwide Pharmacovigilance Data.

Introduction: Adverse drug reaction reports are usually manually assessed by pharmacovigilance experts to detect safety signals associated with drugs. With the recent extension of reporting to patients and the emergence of mass media-related sanitary crises, adverse drug reaction reports currently frequently overwhelm pharmacovigilance networks. Artificial intelligence could help support the work of pharmacovigilance experts during such crises, by automatically coding reports, allowing them to prioritise or accelerate their manual assessment.

Pearls & Oy-sters: De Novo Seizure and Stroke in the Elderly: The Issue of Chicken and Egg.

Seizures immediately preceding the occurrence of an ischemic or hemorrhagic stroke are a rare but well-documented phenomenon, for which the term "heraldic seizure" has been proposed. Cerebrovascular disease is the most common cause of epileptic seizures in elderly patients; thus, screening and management of vascular risk factors should be performed systematically in cases of late-onset epilepsy. MRI may help to distinguish heraldic seizure from stroke-elicited seizure by showing abnormalities confined to the cortex that spare vascular territories, increased magnetic resonance angiography flow in the ipsilateral cerebral arteries, and enhancement of the leptomeninges on postcontrast MRI.

Meta-analyses frequently include old trials that are associated with a larger intervention effect: a meta-epidemiological study.

Objective: To assess whether meta-analyses include older randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and whether intervention effect differ between older and recent RCTs.

Study Design And Setting: In this meta-epidemiological study of 295 meta-analyses (2940 RCTs) published in 2017-2018, we evaluated the difference in intervention effects between older (i.e.

Low concentrations of glyphosate alone affect the pubertal male rat meiotic step: An in vitro study.

Glyphosate is the most used herbicide in the world. Controversial studies exist on its effect on the male reproductive system. We used the validated BioAlter® model to test the effects of low concentrations of Glyphosate.